*leubaz

Runic: ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈleu̯.βɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

dear, beloved

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰós (‘beloved’), from *lewbʰ- (‘to desire, love’). Given the existence of a cognate in Proto-Slavic *ľubъ, this adjective is one of the oldest of the e-grade *-az adjectives.

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	leubaz	leubō	leubą, -atō	leubai	leubôz	leubō
Acc.	leubanǭ	leubǭ	leubą, -atō	leubanz	leubōz	leubō
Gen.	leubas, -is	leubaizōz	leubas, -is	leubaizǫ̂	leubaizǫ̂	leubaizǫ̂
Dat.	leubammai	leubaizōi	leubammai	leubaimaz	leubaimaz	leubaimaz
Inst.	leubanō	leubaizō	leubanō	leubaimiz	leubaimiz	leubaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	leubô	leubǭ	leubô	leubaniz	leubōniz	leubōnō
Acc.	leubanų	leubōnų	leubô	leubanunz	leubōnunz	leubōnō
Gen.	leubiniz	leubōniz	leubiniz	leubanǫ̂	leubōnǫ̂	leubanǫ̂
Dat.	leubini	leubōni	leubini	leubammaz	leubōmaz	leubammaz
Inst.	leubinē	leubōnē	leubinē	leubammiz	leubōmiz	leubammiz

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Descendants

*leub (Proto-West Germanic)
- lief (Old Dutch)
  - lief (Middle Dutch)
    - lief (Dutch)
    - leef (Limburgish)
*leub (Proto-West Germanic)
- lēof, leaf, līof (Old English)
  - lef, leve, lefe, leffe, life, live, luf (Middle English)
    - lief, livelong (English)
    - lief, lee (Scots)
    - liveer (Yola)
*leub (Proto-West Germanic)
- liāf, liēf (Old Frisian)
  - ljoof, ljo, ljoo (Saterland Frisian)
  - leaf (West Frisian)
*leub (Proto-West Germanic)
- liob, liub, liup, *liof, lief (Old High German)
  - liep, lief (Middle High German)
    - lieb (Alemannic German)
    - liab (Bavarian)
    - leev, liev (Central Franconian)
    - lieb (East Central German)
    - lieb (German)
    - léif (Luxembourgish)
    - ליב (lib) (Yiddish)
*leub (Proto-West Germanic)
- liof (Old Saxon)
  - lief, lêf (Middle Low German)
    - leef (Plautdietsch)
*leub (Proto-West Germanic)
- liof (Old Saxon)
  - lief, lêf (Middle Low German)
    - lief (Low German)
      - leev, liev (German Low German)
ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ (leubaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
- ljúfr (Old Norse)
  - ljúvur (Faroese)
  - ljúfur (Icelandic)
  - ljuv (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  - ljuv (Old Danish)
ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ (leubaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
- ljúfr (Old Norse)
  - liūver, liufwer (Old Swedish)
    - ljuv, ljuf (Swedish)
𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃 (liufs) (Gothic)

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