*leuganą

Runic: ᛚᛖᚢᚷᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈleu̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 2

Meanings

to lie, to tell a falsehood

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (‘to tell publicly’).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	leugō	leugaų	–
2nd singular	liugizi	leugaiz	leug
3rd singular	liugidi	leugai	leugadau
1st dual	leugōz	leugaiw	–
2nd dual	leugadiz	leugaidiz	leugadiz
1st plural	leugamaz	leugaim	–
2nd plural	liugid	leugaid	liugid
3rd plural	leugandi	leugain	leugandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	leugai	–
2nd singular	leugazai	leugaizau
3rd singular	leugadai	leugaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	leugandai	leugaindau
2nd plural	leugandai	leugaindau
3rd plural	leugandai	leugaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	laug	lugį̄
2nd singular	lauht	lugīz
3rd singular	laug	lugī
1st dual	lugū	lugīw
2nd dual	lugudiz	lugīdiz
1st plural	lugum	lugīm
2nd plural	lugud	lugīd
3rd plural	lugun	lugīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
leuganą	leugandz	luganaz

Find a form

Descendants

*leugan (Proto-West Germanic)
- liegan (Old Dutch)
  - liegen (Middle Dutch)
    - lege (Limburgish)
*leugan (Proto-West Germanic)
- liegan (Old Dutch)
  - liegen (Middle Dutch)
    - liegen (Dutch)
      - lieg (Afrikaans)
      - liki (Berbice Creole Dutch)
      - lîxe (Jersey Dutch)
      - lug, lik, lieg (Negerhollands)
      - lig (Skepi Creole Dutch)
*leugan (Proto-West Germanic)
- lēogan (Old English)
  - lien (Middle English)
    - lie (English)
    - lee (Scots)
*leugan (Proto-West Germanic)
- liāga (Old Frisian)
  - ? (North Frisian)
  - ljooge (Saterland Frisian)
  - lige (West Frisian)
*leugan (Proto-West Germanic)
- liogan (Old High German)
  - liegen (Middle High German)
    - liagn, liang (Bavarian)
    - lügen (German)
    - לײַגן (laygn) (Yiddish)
*leugan (Proto-West Germanic)
- liogan (Old High German)
  - liegen (Middle High German)
    - leeje, lieje, lüjje (Central Franconian)
      - léien (Luxembourgish)
*leugan (Proto-West Germanic)
- liogan (Old Saxon)
  - lēgen (Middle Low German)
    - liegen, legen, lögen (Low German)
ljúga (Old Norse)
- liuoga (Elfdalian)
- lúgva, ljúgva (Faroese)
- ljauge (Gutnish)
- ljúga (Icelandic)
- ljuge, lyge, juge (Norwegian Bokmål)
- ljuga, ljuge, lyga, lyge (Norwegian Nynorsk)
ljúga (Old Norse)
- liughæ, lyffuæ, liffuæ (Old Danish)
  - ljuğa (Scanian)
ljúga (Old Norse)
- liughæ, lyffuæ, liffuæ (Old Danish)
  - lyve (Danish)
    - lyve (Norwegian Bokmål)
ljúga (Old Norse)
- liūgha (Old Swedish)
  - ljuga (Swedish)
𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (liugan) (Gothic)

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