*plōgaz

Runic: ᛈᛚᛟᚷᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈplɔː.ɣɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

plough

Etymology

Of disputed origin.

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Celtic *ɸlowyos, *ɸlowī (‘rudder’), from Proto-Indo-European *plów-yo-s (‘ship’), from the root *plew- (‘to fly, flow, run’). Compare Albanian plor (‘prow of a boat; ploughshare’).

Alinei also mentions the Latin plaumoratum , with the second element possibly relating to the family of Latin rota, Proto-Celtic *rotos and Proto-Germanic *raþą (‘wheel’). Guus Kroonen has suggested a connection of the Germanic and the Latin words to *plehan (‘to take responsibility, care’) (“to care for one’s life” > “to plow”); compare Old High German pfluog (‘livelihood’) and Icelandic plógur, plóg (‘profit’), which could nevertheless point as well to the opposite morpho-semantic evolution. Otherwise he proposes a connection with Proto-Germanic *plag/kkōn- (‘rag, sod’), which seems a bit far-fetched.

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	plōgaz	plōgōz, plōgōs
Acc.	plōgą	plōganz
Gen.	plōgas, plōgis	plōgǫ̂
Dat.	plōgai	plōgamaz
Inst.	plōgō	plōgamiz
Voc.	plōg	plōgōz, plōgōs

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Descendants

*plōg (Proto-West Germanic)
- plū̃gas (Lithuanian)
- plōvum, ploum (Medieval Latin)
- *plùgъ (Proto-Slavic)
*plōg (Proto-West Germanic)
- *pluog (Old Dutch)
  - ploech (Middle Dutch)
    - plógk (Limburgish)
*plōg (Proto-West Germanic)
- *pluog (Old Dutch)
  - ploech (Middle Dutch)
    - ploeg (Dutch)
      - ploeg (Afrikaans)
*plōg (Proto-West Germanic)
- plōg, plōh (Old English)
  - plough, ploug, plouh, plogh, plog, ploh, ploch, plugh, pleugh, plue, pleu (Middle English)
    - plough, plow (English)
    - pleuch, plou (Scots)
    - pleough, plowe, plou (Yola)
*plōg (Proto-West Germanic)
- plōch (Old Frisian)
  - plog (North Frisian)
  - Plouch (Saterland Frisian)
  - ploech (West Frisian)
*plōg (Proto-West Germanic)
- phluog, pfluog (Old High German)
  - pfluoc (Middle High German)
    - Plooch, Pluuch (Central Franconian)
    - ? (East Central German)
    - ? (East Franconian)
    - Pflug (German)
    - Plug (Rhine Franconian)
    - פּלוג (plug) (Yiddish)
*plōg (Proto-West Germanic)
- *plōg (Old Saxon)
  - plôg (Middle Low German)
    - Ploog (Low German)
    - Pluach, Plüach (Plautdietsch)
plógr (Old Norse)
- pluog (Elfdalian)
- plógv (Faroese)
- plog (Gutnish)
- plógur (Icelandic)
- plu (Norn)
- plog (Norwegian Bokmål)
- plog (Norwegian Nynorsk)
plógr (Old Norse)
- plouh, plugh, plough, plouw, plow (Middle English)
  - plough (English)
plógr (Old Norse)
- plogh (Old Danish)
  - plov (Danish)
plógr (Old Norse)
- plōgher (Old Swedish)
  - plog (Swedish)

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