*risiz
Runic: ᚱᛁᛊᛁᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈri.siz/noun · masculine · i-stem
Meanings
a giant
Etymology
Unknown. Possibly a zero-grade derivative of *rīsaną (‘to scale, rise’).
On the basis of Old Dutch wrisil (‘hero’) and Old Saxon wrisilīk (‘gigantic’), this form is sometimes reconstructed as *wrisi-, and then either from Proto-Indo-European *wreyh₁- (thus related to Ancient Greek ῥίον (rhíon) (rhíon, ‘peak, summit’), and perhaps Tocharian A ri, Tocharian B rye (‘city, town’), Thracian βρία (bría, ‘city, wall’)), or from Proto-Indo-European *wers- (‘hill, top’) (perhaps whence Latin verrūca (‘wart; hillock’), Sanskrit वर्स्मन् (vársman) (vársman, ‘height, top’), Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (‘top’)). However, this derivation is problematic as there is no sign of an initial cluster wr- in any of the descendants that otherwise preserve it (northern West Germanic and Old East Norse).
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | risiz | risīz |
| Acc. | risį | risinz |
| Gen. | risīz | risjǫ̂ |
| Dat. | risī | risimaz |
| Inst. | risī | risimiz |
| Voc. | risi | risīz |
Descendants
-
*risi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*risi (Old Dutch)
-
rêse, rôse, ruese (Middle Dutch)
-
reus (Dutch)
- reus (Afrikaans)
- reus (West Frisian)
-
reus (Dutch)
-
rêse, rôse, ruese (Middle Dutch)
-
*risi (Old Dutch)
-
*risi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*rise (Old Frisian)
- Riese (Saterland Frisian)
- reis (West Frisian)
-
*rise (Old Frisian)
-
*risi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
risi (Old High German)
-
rise (Middle High German)
- Riese (German)
- Ris (Luxembourgish)
-
rise (Middle High German)
-
risi (Old High German)
-
*risi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*risi, *wrisi (Old Saxon)
- wrisilīk, wrisilīko (Old Saxon)
-
*risi, *wrisi (Old Saxon)
-
*risi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*risi, *wrisi (Old Saxon)
-
rêse (Middle Low German)
- ? (German Low German)
-
rêse (Middle Low German)
-
*risi, *wrisi (Old Saxon)
-
*wrisi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*risi (Old Dutch)
-
rêse, rôse, ruese (Middle Dutch)
-
reus (Dutch)
- reus (Afrikaans)
- reus (West Frisian)
-
reus (Dutch)
-
rêse, rôse, ruese (Middle Dutch)
-
*risi (Old Dutch)
-
*wrisi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*rise (Old Frisian)
- Riese (Saterland Frisian)
- reis (West Frisian)
-
*rise (Old Frisian)
-
*wrisi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
risi (Old High German)
-
rise (Middle High German)
- Riese (German)
- Ris (Luxembourgish)
-
rise (Middle High German)
-
risi (Old High German)
-
*wrisi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*risi, *wrisi (Old Saxon)
- wrisilīk, wrisilīko (Old Saxon)
-
*risi, *wrisi (Old Saxon)
-
*wrisi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*risi, *wrisi (Old Saxon)
-
rêse (Middle Low German)
- ? (German Low German)
-
rêse (Middle Low German)
-
*risi, *wrisi (Old Saxon)
-
risi (Old Norse)
- rise (Danish)
- risi (Faroese)
- risi (Icelandic)
- rise (Norwegian)
-
risi (Old Norse)
-
rise (Old Swedish)
- rese (Swedish)
-
rise (Old Swedish)