*saulijaną
Runic: ᛊᚨᚢᛚᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈsɑu̯.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
to make dirty, soil
Etymology
From *saulijǭ (‘filth, manure’) or directly from its antecedent Proto-Indo-European *sowl-, a metathetic alteration of *solw- (‘dusky, dirty, grey’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | saulijō | saulijaų | – |
| 2nd singular | saulīsi | saulijais | saulī |
| 3rd singular | saulīþi | saulijai | saulijaþau |
| 1st dual | saulijōs | saulijaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | saulijaþiz | saulijaiþiz | saulijaþiz |
| 1st plural | saulijamaz | saulijaim | – |
| 2nd plural | saulīþ | saulijaiþ | saulīþ |
| 3rd plural | saulijanþi | saulijain | saulijanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | saulijai | – |
| 2nd singular | saulijasai | saulijaisau |
| 3rd singular | saulijaþai | saulijaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | saulijanþai | saulijainþau |
| 2nd plural | saulijanþai | saulijainþau |
| 3rd plural | saulijanþai | saulijainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | saulidǭ | saulidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | saulidēz | saulidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | saulidē | saulidēdī |
| 1st dual | saulidēdū | saulidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | saulidēdudiz | saulidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | saulidēdum | saulidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | saulidēdud | saulidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | saulidēdun | saulidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| saulijaną | saulijandz | saulidaz |
Descendants
-
*saulijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*sōlen (Old Dutch)
- solen, soelen (Middle Dutch)
-
*sōlen (Old Dutch)
-
*saulijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*sōlian (Old Saxon)
-
sö̂len (Middle Low German)
- sölen (German Low German)
-
sö̂len (Middle Low German)
-
*sōlian (Old Saxon)
-
*seyla (Old Norse)
- søle (Danish)
- søle (Norwegian Bokmål)
- søyla (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
*seyla (Old Norse)
-
söla (Old Swedish)
- söla (Swedish)
-
söla (Old Swedish)
-
*𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*sauljan) (Gothic)
-
soillier, souillier (Old French)
-
souiller (Middle French)
- souiller (French)
-
souiller (Middle French)
-
soillier, souillier (Old French)