*-skapiz

Runic: ᛊᚲᚨᛈᛁᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈskɑ.piz/

suffix · forms nouns · masculine · i-stem

Function

forms abstract and collective nouns, especially from personal nouns, denoting state, condition, rank, relationship, association, or the collective body connected with the base; comparable to English -ship

Etymology

An unattested i-stem noun derived from *skapjaną used as the second constituent in a compound to create abstract and collective nouns. It is attested only in Northwest Germanic. West Germanic also developed the related variant *-skaftiz, reflected especially in German -schaft, which competed with and ultimately displaced *-skapiz in much of High German (Kluge 1899: 36, 82; Krahe & Meid 1969: 221).

Paradigm

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.-skapiz-skapīz
Acc.-skapį-skapinz
Gen.-skapīz-skapjǫ̂
Dat.-skapī-skapimaz
Inst.-skapī-skapimiz
Voc.-skapi-skapīz

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Descendants

  • *-skapi (Proto-West Germanic)
    • -skap (Old Dutch)
      • -schap (Middle Dutch)
        • -schap (Dutch)
          • -skap (Afrikaans)
  • *-skapi (Proto-West Germanic)
    • -sċiepe (Old English)
      • -schippe, -shipe (Middle English)
        • -ship (English)
        • -schip (Scots)
  • *-skapi (Proto-West Germanic)
    • -skipe, -skip (Old Frisian)
      • -skup (Saterland Frisian)
      • -skip (West Frisian)
  • *-skapi (Proto-West Germanic)
    • -skaf (Old High German)
  • *-skapi (Proto-West Germanic)
    • -skepi (Old Saxon)
      • -skap (unstressed forms: -skop, -skup) (Middle Low German)
        • -schop (Low German)
  • -skapr (Old Norse)
    • -skapur (Faroese)
    • -skapur (Icelandic)
    • -skap (Norwegian Bokmål)
    • -skap (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • -skapr (Old Norse)
    • -skap (Old Danish)
      • -skab (Danish)
  • -skapr (Old Norse)
    • -skaper (Old Swedish)
      • -skap (Swedish)

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