*skarpaz

Runic: ᛊᚲᚨᚱᛈᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈskɑr.pɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

sharp
pointed

Etymology

An o-grade adjective derived from *skerpaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerb-, from *(s)ker- (‘to cut’).

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	skarpaz	skarpō	skarpą, -atō	skarpai	skarpôz	skarpō
Acc.	skarpanǭ	skarpǭ	skarpą, -atō	skarpanz	skarpōz	skarpō
Gen.	skarpas, -is	skarpaizōz	skarpas, -is	skarpaizǫ̂	skarpaizǫ̂	skarpaizǫ̂
Dat.	skarpammai	skarpaizōi	skarpammai	skarpaimaz	skarpaimaz	skarpaimaz
Inst.	skarpanō	skarpaizō	skarpanō	skarpaimiz	skarpaimiz	skarpaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	skarpô	skarpǭ	skarpô	skarpaniz	skarpōniz	skarpōnō
Acc.	skarpanų	skarpōnų	skarpô	skarpanunz	skarpōnunz	skarpōnō
Gen.	skarpiniz	skarpōniz	skarpiniz	skarpanǫ̂	skarpōnǫ̂	skarpanǫ̂
Dat.	skarpini	skarpōni	skarpini	skarpammaz	skarpōmaz	skarpammaz
Inst.	skarpinē	skarpōnē	skarpinē	skarpammiz	skarpōmiz	skarpammiz

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Descendants

*skarp (Proto-West Germanic)
- escarp (Old Catalan)
  - esquerp (Catalan)
*skarp (Proto-West Germanic)
- scarp (Old Dutch)
  - scharp (Middle Dutch)
    - sjèrp (Limburgish)
*skarp (Proto-West Germanic)
- scarp (Old Dutch)
  - scharp (Middle Dutch)
    - scherp (Dutch)
      - skerp (Afrikaans)
      - skarpu (Berbice Creole Dutch)
      - skerp (Negerhollands)
      - skèrpi, skerpi, scherpi (Papiamentu)
      - skarp (Skepi Creole Dutch)
*skarp (Proto-West Germanic)
- scarp (Old Dutch)
  - scharp (Middle Dutch)
    - scherp (Dutch)
      - srapu (Sranan Tongo)
        
        saápu (Saramaccan)
*skarp (Proto-West Germanic)
- sċarp, sċearp (Old English)
  - scharp (Middle English)
    - sharp (English)
    - sharp, scharp (Scots)
*skarp (Proto-West Germanic)
- skerp, skarp (Old Frisian)
  - skärp, skäärp, schäärp (Saterland Frisian)
  - skerp (West Frisian)
*skarp (Proto-West Germanic)
- scarf, scarph (Old High German)
  - scharpf (Middle High German)
    - scharpf (Alemannic German)
    - scharf (Bavarian)
    - schärp, scharp, scharf (Central Franconian)
    - scharf (German)
    - schaaref (Hunsrik)
    - schaarf (Luxembourgish)
    - שאַרף (sharf) (Yiddish)
*skarp (Proto-West Germanic)
- skarp (Old Saxon)
  - scharp (Middle Low German)
    - scherp, scharp (Low German)
skarpr (Old Norse)
- skarp (Danish)
- skarpur (Faroese)
- skarpur (Icelandic)
- skarp (Norwegian Bokmål)
- skarp (Norwegian Nynorsk)
skarpr (Old Norse)
- skarper (Old Swedish)
  - skarp (Swedish)
*𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐍃 (*skarps) (Gothic)
- *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*skarpa) (Gothic)
  - scarpa (Italian)

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