*skaþjaną
Runic: ᛊᚲᚨᚦᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈskɑθ.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
- to mar; damage
- to injure; hurt
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *skh₁tH-ye-ti, perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)keh₁t- (‘damage, harm’). See *skaþô (‘damage’) for more cognates.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | skaþjō | skaþjaų | – |
| 2nd singular | skaþisi | skaþjais | skaþi |
| 3rd singular | skaþiþi | skaþjai | skaþjaþau |
| 1st dual | skaþjōs | skaþjaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | skaþjaþiz | skaþjaiþiz | skaþjaþiz |
| 1st plural | skaþjamaz | skaþjaim | – |
| 2nd plural | skaþiþ | skaþjaiþ | skaþiþ |
| 3rd plural | skaþjanþi | skaþjain | skaþjanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | skaþjai | – |
| 2nd singular | skaþjasai | skaþjaisau |
| 3rd singular | skaþjaþai | skaþjaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | skaþjanþai | skaþjainþau |
| 2nd plural | skaþjanþai | skaþjainþau |
| 3rd plural | skaþjanþai | skaþjainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | skōd | skōdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | skōst | skōdīz |
| 3rd singular | skōd | skōdī |
| 1st dual | skōdū | skōdīw |
| 2nd dual | skōdudiz | skōdīdiz |
| 1st plural | skōdum | skōdīm |
| 2nd plural | skōdud | skōdīd |
| 3rd plural | skōdun | skōdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| skaþjaną | skaþjandz | skadanaz |
Descendants
-
*skaþþjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
sċeþþan, sċieþþan (Old English)
- sceþþen (Middle English)
-
sċeþþan, sċieþþan (Old English)
-
skeðja (Old Norse)
- uskadt (Danish)
- skeðja (Icelandic)
- oskadd (Swedish)
-
skeðja (Old Norse)
-
? (Norwegian)
- skade (Norwegian Bokmål)
- skade, ska, skada (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
? (Norwegian)
- 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (skaþjan) (Gothic)