*skertaną
Runic: ᛊᚲᛖᚱᛏᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈsker.tɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 3
Meanings
- to cut off
- to leap, jump, spring
- to jest, joke
Etymology
Perhaps originally **skerdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skerdʰ-, whence also Proto-Germanic *skardaz (‘cut-up, damaged’), with the root-final consonant influenced by the iterative counterpart *skurt(t)ōną. Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (‘to cut off’); see the derivative *skurtaz (‘short’).
Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerd- (‘to move, sway, swing’), and related to Sanskrit कूर्दति (kūrdati) (kūrdati, ‘to spring’), Ancient Greek κραδάω (kradáō) (kradáō, ‘to swing’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | skertō | skertaų | – |
| 2nd singular | skirtizi | skertaiz | skert |
| 3rd singular | skirtidi | skertai | skertadau |
| 1st dual | skertōz | skertaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | skertadiz | skertaidiz | skertadiz |
| 1st plural | skertamaz | skertaim | – |
| 2nd plural | skirtid | skertaid | skirtid |
| 3rd plural | skertandi | skertain | skertandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | skertai | – |
| 2nd singular | skertazai | skertaizau |
| 3rd singular | skertadai | skertaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | skertandai | skertaindau |
| 2nd plural | skertandai | skertaindau |
| 3rd plural | skertandai | skertaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | skart | skurtį̄ |
| 2nd singular | skarst | skurtīz |
| 3rd singular | skart | skurtī |
| 1st dual | skurtū | skurtīw |
| 2nd dual | skurtudiz | skurtīdiz |
| 1st plural | skurtum | skurtīm |
| 2nd plural | skurtud | skurtīd |
| 3rd plural | skurtun | skurtīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| skertaną | skertandz | skurtanaz |
Descendants
- scharten (Dutch)
-
*skërzan (Old High German)
- schërzen (Middle High German)
-
*sċiertan (Old English)
- schurten, schurtten (Middle English)
-
*sċyrtan (Old English)
- schurten, schurtten (Middle English)
-
*skërzan (Old High German)
- scherzare (Italian)
-
*skërzan (Old High German)
-
schërzen (Middle High German)
- schèrtzan (Cimbrian)
- scherzen (German)
-
schërzen (Middle High German)