*skulaną

Runic: ᛊᚲᚢᛚᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈsku.lɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Preterite-present

Meanings

to owe
to be obliged to, have to
shall, will, to be going to, must

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skel- (‘to be obligated, owe, be guilty’).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	skal	skulį̄	–
2nd singular	skalt	skulīz	–
3rd singular	skal	skulī	–
1st dual	skulū	skulīw	–
2nd dual	skuludiz	skulīdiz	–
1st plural	skulum	skulīm	–
2nd plural	skulud	skulīd	–
3rd plural	skulun	skulīn	–

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	–	–
2nd singular	–	–
3rd singular	–	–
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	–	–
2nd plural	–	–
3rd plural	–	–

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	skuldǭ	skuldēdį̄
2nd singular	skuldēz	skuldēdīz
3rd singular	skuldē	skuldēdī
1st dual	skuldēdū	skuldēdīw
2nd dual	skuldēdudiz	skuldēdīdiz
1st plural	skuldēdum	skuldēdīm
2nd plural	skuldēdud	skuldēdīd
3rd plural	skuldēdun	skuldēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
skulaną	skulandz	skuldaz

Find a form

Descendants

*skulan (Proto-West Germanic)
- sulan (Old Dutch)
  - sullen (Middle Dutch)
    - zölle, zólle (Limburgish)
*skulan (Proto-West Germanic)
- sulan (Old Dutch)
  - sullen (Middle Dutch)
    - zullen (Dutch)
      - sal (Afrikaans)
      - zal (Jersey Dutch)
      - sa, sal (Negerhollands)
      - sa (Skepi Creole Dutch)
*skulan (Proto-West Germanic)
- sċulan, sċeolan (Old English)
  - schulen (Middle English)
    - shall, should (English)
    - sall, suld, shall, should (Scots)
    - shell, shall, shul (Yola)
*skulan (Proto-West Germanic)
- skela, skila (Old Frisian)
  - skälle (Saterland Frisian)
  - sille (West Frisian)
*skulan (Proto-West Germanic)
- skulan, sulan, scolan (Old High German)
  - süln, suln, scholen, schulen, sollen, saln, soln (Middle High German)
    - solle (Alemannic German)
    - soin, solln (Bavarian)
    - sollen (German)
    - ? (Rhine Franconian)
    - זאָלן (zoln) (Yiddish)
*skulan (Proto-West Germanic)
- skulan, sulan, scolan (Old High German)
  - süln, suln, scholen, schulen, sollen, saln, soln (Middle High German)
    - solle (Central Franconian)
      - solle (Hunsrik)
      - sollen (Luxembourgish)
*skulan (Proto-West Germanic)
- skulan (Old Saxon)
  - schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen (Middle Low German)
    - schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen (Low German)
skulu (Old Norse)
- skula (Faroese)
- skulu (Icelandic)
- skulla, skulle (Norwegian Nynorsk)
skulu (Old Norse)
- skulle (Danish)
  - skulle (Norwegian Bokmål)
skulu (Old Norse)
- skula, skola, skulu (Old Swedish)
  - skola (Swedish)
skolu (Old Norse)
- skula (Faroese)
- skulu (Icelandic)
- skulla, skulle (Norwegian Nynorsk)
skolu (Old Norse)
- skulle (Danish)
  - skulle (Norwegian Bokmål)
skolu (Old Norse)
- skula, skola, skulu (Old Swedish)
  - skola (Swedish)
𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan) (Gothic)

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