*skuldijōną
Runic: ᛊᚲᚢᛚᛞᛁᛃᛟᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈskul.di.jɔː.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 2
Meanings
- to owe
- to commit a fault
Etymology
From *skuldijaz (‘obligated, guilty’) + *-ōną. Compare also West Germanic *skuldijan.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | skuldijō | skuldijǭ | – |
| 2nd singular | skuldijōsi | skuldijōs | skuldijō |
| 3rd singular | skuldijōþi | skuldijō | skuldijōþau |
| 1st dual | skuldijōs | skuldijōw | – |
| 2nd dual | skuldijōþiz | skuldijōþiz | skuldijōþiz |
| 1st plural | skuldijōmaz | skuldijōm | – |
| 2nd plural | skuldijōþ | skuldijōþ | skuldijōþ |
| 3rd plural | skuldijōnþi | skuldijōn | skuldijōnþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | skuldijōi | – |
| 2nd singular | skuldijōsai | skuldijōsau |
| 3rd singular | skuldijōþai | skuldijōþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | skuldijōnþai | skuldijōnþau |
| 2nd plural | skuldijōnþai | skuldijōnþau |
| 3rd plural | skuldijōnþai | skuldijōnþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | skuldijōdǭ | skuldijōdēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | skuldijōdēz | skuldijōdēdīz |
| 3rd singular | skuldijōdē | skuldijōdēdī |
| 1st dual | skuldijōdēdū | skuldijōdēdīw |
| 2nd dual | skuldijōdēdudiz | skuldijōdēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | skuldijōdēdum | skuldijōdēdīm |
| 2nd plural | skuldijōdēdud | skuldijōdēdīd |
| 3rd plural | skuldijōdēdun | skuldijōdēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| skuldijōną | skuldijōndz | skuldijōdaz |
Descendants
-
*skuldijōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sċyldian (Old English)
-
skylda (Old Norse)
- skylde (Danish)
- skylda (Icelandic)
-
skylda (Old Norse)
-
? (Norwegian)
- skylde (Norwegian Bokmål)
- skylde, skylda (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
? (Norwegian)
-
skylda (Old Norse)
-
skylda, skulda (Old Swedish)
- skylda, skylla (Swedish)
-
skylda, skulda (Old Swedish)