*slēpaną
Runic: ᛊᛚᛖᛈᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈslɛː.pɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 7d
Meanings
to sleep
Etymology
Unclear. May be related to *slapaz (‘weak, lax’), itself of unclear origin, or possibly back-formed to *slabōną/*slappōną.
Older theories tentatively derived the word from a hypothetical base *slē‑, extended in pre-Germanic as *slēb-, from earlier Proto-Indo-European *sleh₁‑, which could be related to *(s)leh₁g-; see also Latin langueō (‘to be faint, listless’), Old English slæc (‘lazy’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | slēpō | slēpaų | – |
| 2nd singular | slēpizi | slēpaiz | slēp |
| 3rd singular | slēpidi | slēpai | slēpadau |
| 1st dual | slēpōz | slēpaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | slēpadiz | slēpaidiz | slēpadiz |
| 1st plural | slēpamaz | slēpaim | – |
| 2nd plural | slēpid | slēpaid | slēpid |
| 3rd plural | slēpandi | slēpain | slēpandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | slēpai | – |
| 2nd singular | slēpazai | slēpaizau |
| 3rd singular | slēpadai | slēpaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | slēpandai | slēpaindau |
| 2nd plural | slēpandai | slēpaindau |
| 3rd plural | slēpandai | slēpaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | sezlēp | sezlēpį̄ |
| 2nd singular | sezlēft | sezlēpīz |
| 3rd singular | sezlēp | sezlēpī |
| 1st dual | sezlēpū | sezlēpīw |
| 2nd dual | sezlēpudiz | sezlēpīdiz |
| 1st plural | sezlēpum | sezlēpīm |
| 2nd plural | sezlēpud | sezlēpīd |
| 3rd plural | sezlēpun | sezlēpīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| slēpaną | slēpandz | slēpanaz |
Descendants
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*slāpan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
slāpan (Old Dutch)
-
slâpen (Middle Dutch)
- slaope (Limburgish)
- slaepe (Zealandic)
-
slâpen (Middle Dutch)
-
slāpan (Old Dutch)
-
*slāpan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
slāpan (Old Dutch)
-
slâpen (Middle Dutch)
-
slapen (Dutch)
- slaap (Afrikaans)
- slaap, slap, slaep (Negerhollands)
- slapi, slappe (Skepi Creole Dutch)
-
slapen (Dutch)
-
slâpen (Middle Dutch)
-
slāpan (Old Dutch)
-
*slāpan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
slǣpan, slēpan, slāpan, slēpian (Old English)
-
slepen, slæpen, sleepen, slepe (Middle English)
-
sleep (English)
- sribi (Sranan Tongo)
-
sleep (English)
-
slepen, slæpen, sleepen, slepe (Middle English)
-
slǣpan, slēpan, slāpan, slēpian (Old English)
-
*slāpan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
slǣpan, slēpan, slāpan, slēpian (Old English)
-
slepen, slæpen, sleepen, slepe (Middle English)
-
sleip, slepe (Middle Scots)
- sleep (Scots)
-
sleip, slepe (Middle Scots)
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slepen, slæpen, sleepen, slepe (Middle English)
-
slǣpan, slēpan, slāpan, slēpian (Old English)
-
*slāpan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
slēpa (Old Frisian)
- ? (North Frisian)
- släipe (Saterland Frisian)
- sliepe (West Frisian)
-
slēpa (Old Frisian)
-
*slāpan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
slāfan (Old High German)
-
slāfen (Middle High German)
- ? (Bavarian)
- schlafen (German)
- שלאָפֿן (shlofn) (Yiddish)
-
slāfen (Middle High German)
-
slāfan (Old High German)
-
*slāpan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
slāfan (Old High German)
-
slāfen (Middle High German)
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schlofe (Central Franconian)
- schlofe (Hunsrik)
- schlofen (Luxembourgish)
-
schlofe (Central Franconian)
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slāfen (Middle High German)
-
slāfan (Old High German)
-
*slāpan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
slāfan (Old High German)
-
slāfen (Middle High German)
-
schlofe (Rhine Franconian)
- schlofe (Pennsylvania German)
-
schlofe (Rhine Franconian)
-
slāfen (Middle High German)
-
slāfan (Old High German)
-
*slāpan (Proto-West Germanic)
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slāpan (Old Saxon)
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slâpen (Middle Low German)
- slapen (German Low German)
- slapen (Low German)
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slâpen (Middle Low German)
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slāpan (Old Saxon)
- 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌽 (slēpan) (Gothic)
- schlipen (Crimean Gothic)