*smalaz
Runic: ᛊᛗᚨᛚᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈsmɑ.lɑz/adjective · a-stem
Meanings
small
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *smol (H)-o-s, traditionally traced back further to Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal- (‘small’) (alternatively reconstructed as *(s)mel-), though Kroonen appears implicitly skeptical and assigns no cognates outside of Germanic. Compare Proto-Slavic *malъ (‘small; little’) and Latin malus (‘bad’).
Declension
Strong declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | smalaz | smalō | smalą, -atō | smalai | smalôz | smalō |
| Acc. | smalanǭ | smalǭ | smalą, -atō | smalanz | smalōz | smalō |
| Gen. | smalas, -is | smalaizōz | smalas, -is | smalaizǫ̂ | smalaizǫ̂ | smalaizǫ̂ |
| Dat. | smalammai | smalaizōi | smalammai | smalaimaz | smalaimaz | smalaimaz |
| Inst. | smalanō | smalaizō | smalanō | smalaimiz | smalaimiz | smalaimiz |
Weak declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | smalô | smalǭ | smalô | smalaniz | smalōniz | smalōnō |
| Acc. | smalanų | smalōnų | smalô | smalanunz | smalōnunz | smalōnō |
| Gen. | smaliniz | smalōniz | smaliniz | smalanǫ̂ | smalōnǫ̂ | smalanǫ̂ |
| Dat. | smalini | smalōni | smalini | smalammaz | smalōmaz | smalammaz |
| Inst. | smalinē | smalōnē | smalinē | smalammiz | smalōmiz | smalammiz |
Descendants
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*smal (Proto-West Germanic)
-
smal (Old Dutch)
-
smal (Middle Dutch)
- smal (Dutch)
-
smal (Middle Dutch)
-
smal (Old Dutch)
-
*smal (Proto-West Germanic)
-
smæl (Old English)
-
smal (Middle English)
- small (English)
- smal, smaw (Scots)
-
smal (Middle English)
-
smæl (Old English)
-
*smal (Proto-West Germanic)
-
smel (Old Frisian)
- smaal, smääl, smeel (North Frisian)
- smäl (Saterland Frisian)
- smel (West Frisian)
-
smel (Old Frisian)
-
*smal (Proto-West Germanic)
-
smal (Old High German)
-
smal (Middle High German)
- schmål, schmoi (Bavarian)
- schmal (German)
- schmaal (Hunsrik)
- schmuel (Luxembourgish)
- śmoł (Vilamovian)
- שמאָל (shmol) (Yiddish)
-
smal (Middle High German)
-
smal (Old High German)
-
*smal (Proto-West Germanic)
-
smal (Old Saxon)
-
smal (Middle Low German)
- small (Low German)
-
smal (Middle Low German)
-
smal (Old Saxon)
-
smalr (Old Norse)
- smal (Danish)
- smalur (Faroese)
- smalur (Icelandic)
- smal (Norwegian)
- smal (Swedish)
-
*𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃 (*smals) (Gothic)
- 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (smalists) (Gothic)