*smeukaną

Runic: ᛊᛗᛖᚢᚲᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈsmeu̯.kɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 2

Meanings

to smoke, fume

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *smewgʰ- (‘smoke’), a term whose exact form is difficult to reconstruct due to subtly different phonetics in its descendants. Cognate with Ancient Greek σμὐχω (smukhō) (smukhō, ‘to burn up, smoulder away’), Lithuanian smáugti (‘to choke’), Old Irish múch (‘fire’), Welsh mwg (‘fire’), Old Armenian մուխ (mux, ‘smoke’). Kroonen assumes the verb was back-formed to the iterative *smukkōną ~ *smukōną (‘to smoke’) (whence Proto-West Germanic *smokōn), which explains the 'k' instead of the expected 'g'.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	smeukō	smeukaų	–
2nd singular	smiukizi	smeukaiz	smeuk
3rd singular	smiukidi	smeukai	smeukadau
1st dual	smeukōz	smeukaiw	–
2nd dual	smeukadiz	smeukaidiz	smeukadiz
1st plural	smeukamaz	smeukaim	–
2nd plural	smiukid	smeukaid	smiukid
3rd plural	smeukandi	smeukain	smeukandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	smeukai	–
2nd singular	smeukazai	smeukaizau
3rd singular	smeukadai	smeukaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	smeukandai	smeukaindau
2nd plural	smeukandai	smeukaindau
3rd plural	smeukandai	smeukaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	smauk	smukį̄
2nd singular	smauht	smukīz
3rd singular	smauk	smukī
1st dual	smukū	smukīw
2nd dual	smukudiz	smukīdiz
1st plural	smukum	smukīm
2nd plural	smukud	smukīd
3rd plural	smukun	smukīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
smeukaną	smeukandz	smukanaz

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Descendants

*smeukan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *smiekan, *smūkan (Old Dutch)
  - smieken, smuken (Middle Dutch)
    - smuiken (Dutch)
*smeukan (Proto-West Germanic)
- smēocan (Old English)
  - smeken (Middle English)
    - smeke, smeek (Scots)
*smeukan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *smiohhan, *smiochan (Old High German)
  - smiechen (Middle High German)
    - smiechen (Bavarian)
    - smiehen (German)
*smūkan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *smiekan, *smūkan (Old Dutch)
  - smieken, smuken (Middle Dutch)
    - smuiken (Dutch)
*smūkan (Proto-West Germanic)
- smēocan (Old English)
  - smeken (Middle English)
    - smeke, smeek (Scots)
*smūkan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *smiohhan, *smiochan (Old High German)
  - smiechen (Middle High German)
    - smiechen (Bavarian)
    - smiehen (German)

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