*sparāną

Runic: ᛊᛈᚨᚱᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈspɑ.rɑː.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 3

Meanings

to be thrifty; be conservative; be sparing

Etymology

From *sparaz (‘sparing, frugal’) + *-āną.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	sparō	–	–
2nd singular	sparaisi	–	sparai
3rd singular	sparaiþi	–	sparāþau
1st dual	sparōs	–	–
2nd dual	sparāþiz	–	sparāþiz
1st plural	sparāmaz	–	–
2nd plural	sparaiþ	–	sparaiþ
3rd plural	sparānþi	–	sparānþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	–	–
2nd singular	sparāsai	–
3rd singular	sparāþai	–
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	sparānþai	–
2nd plural	sparānþai	–
3rd plural	sparānþai	–

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	sparadǭ	sparadēdį̄
2nd singular	sparadēz	sparadēdīz
3rd singular	sparadē	sparadēdī
1st dual	sparadēdū	sparadēdīw
2nd dual	sparadēdudiz	sparadēdīdiz
1st plural	sparadēdum	sparadēdīm
2nd plural	sparadēdud	sparadēdīd
3rd plural	sparadēdun	sparadēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
sparāną	sparāndz	sparadaz

Find a form

Descendants

*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *sparon (Old Dutch)
  - spāren (Middle Dutch)
    - sparen (Dutch)
      - spaar (Afrikaans)
      - separ, nyepar (Caribbean Javanese)
      - spaar, spaer (Negerhollands)
      - spar, spaar (Papiamentu)
*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sparian (Old English)
  - sparien, sparen (Middle English)
    - spare (English)
    - spar, spair (Scots)
*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sparia, spara (Old Frisian)
  - spoarje (Saterland Frisian)
  - sparje (West Frisian)
*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sparēn, sparōn (Old High German)
  - sparn (Middle High German)
    - sparen (German)
    - spueren (Luxembourgish)
*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sparēn, sparōn (Old High German)
  - sparn (Middle High German)
    - שפּאָרן (shporn) (Yiddish)
      - ŝpari (Esperanto)
*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sparōn (Old Saxon)
  - sparen (Middle Low German)
    - sparen (German Low German)
*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sparāniō (Vulgar Latin)
  - ? (Italo-Romance)
    - sparagnà (Neapolitan)
    - sparagnari (Sicilian)
*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sparāniō (Vulgar Latin)
  - ? (Italo-Romance)
    - sparagnare, sparmiare, risparmiare (Italian)
      - Central dialects: sparagnà, risparagnà, resparagnà, risparmià, risparambià
*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sparāniō (Vulgar Latin)
  - ? (Northern Gallo-Romance)
    - éparmaî (Franc-Comtois)
    - épargnèr, éparmar (Franco-Provençal)
    - spârgnî (Walloon)
*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sparāniō (Vulgar Latin)
  - ? (Northern Gallo-Romance)
    - ? (Old Bourgignon)
      - reparmer (Bourguignon)
*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sparāniō (Vulgar Latin)
  - ? (Northern Gallo-Romance)
    - espargnier, esparigner, esparnier, esparnir, esparner, aperner (Old French)
      - épargner (French)
*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sparāniō (Vulgar Latin)
  - ? (Padanian)
    - sparmier, sparer, rasparar, arsparmier (Emilian)
    - spargnar, sparmir (Lombard)
    - spargné (Piedmontese)
    - sparmier, sparanear, arpsamear (Romagnol)
*sparēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- sparāniō (Vulgar Latin)
  - ? (Southern Gallo-Romance)
    - esparnhar (Occitan)
spara (Old Norse)
- spara (Faroese)
- spara (Icelandic)
- spara (Norwegian Nynorsk)
spara (Old Norse)
- spare (Danish)
  - spare (Norwegian Bokmål)
spara (Old Norse)
- spara (Old Swedish)
  - spara (Swedish)

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