*sterbaną
Runic: ᛊᛏᛖᚱᛒᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈster.βɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 3
Meanings
- to become stiff
- to die, become lifeless
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *sterbʰ- (‘to be stiff, become stiff’); cognate with Ancient Greek στέρφνιος (stérphnios) (stérphnios, ‘hard, firm, tight’).
Another theory derives the verb from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terp- (‘to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless’), connecting Latin torpeō.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | sterbō | sterbaų | – |
| 2nd singular | stirbizi | sterbaiz | sterb |
| 3rd singular | stirbidi | sterbai | sterbadau |
| 1st dual | sterbōz | sterbaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | sterbadiz | sterbaidiz | sterbadiz |
| 1st plural | sterbamaz | sterbaim | – |
| 2nd plural | stirbid | sterbaid | stirbid |
| 3rd plural | sterbandi | sterbain | sterbandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | sterbai | – |
| 2nd singular | sterbazai | sterbaizau |
| 3rd singular | sterbadai | sterbaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | sterbandai | sterbaindau |
| 2nd plural | sterbandai | sterbaindau |
| 3rd plural | sterbandai | sterbaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | starb | sturbį̄ |
| 2nd singular | starft | sturbīz |
| 3rd singular | starb | sturbī |
| 1st dual | sturbū | sturbīw |
| 2nd dual | sturbudiz | sturbīdiz |
| 1st plural | sturbum | sturbīm |
| 2nd plural | sturbud | sturbīd |
| 3rd plural | sturbun | sturbīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| sterbaną | sterbandz | sturbanaz |
Descendants
-
*sterban (Proto-West Germanic)
-
stervan (Old Dutch)
-
sterven (Middle Dutch)
- stèrve (Limburgish)
-
sterven (Middle Dutch)
-
stervan (Old Dutch)
-
*sterban (Proto-West Germanic)
-
stervan (Old Dutch)
-
sterven (Middle Dutch)
-
sterven (Dutch)
- sterf, sterwe (Afrikaans)
-
sterven (Dutch)
-
sterven (Middle Dutch)
-
stervan (Old Dutch)
-
*sterban (Proto-West Germanic)
-
steorfan (Old English)
-
sterven, sterve (Middle English)
- starve, sterve (English)
- sterve (Scots)
-
sterven, sterve (Middle English)
-
steorfan (Old English)
-
*sterban (Proto-West Germanic)
-
sterva (Old Frisian)
- stíerve (Saterland Frisian)
- stjerre (West Frisian)
-
sterva (Old Frisian)
-
*sterban (Proto-West Germanic)
-
sterban (Old High German)
-
sterben (Middle High German)
- steerbe, sterbe (Alemannic German)
- sterbn (Bavarian)
- sterben (German)
- sterrve (Hunsrik)
- stierwen (Luxembourgish)
- שטאַרבן (shtarbn) (Yiddish)
-
sterben (Middle High German)
-
sterban (Old High German)
-
*sterban (Proto-West Germanic)
-
stervan (Old Saxon)
-
sterven, starven (Middle Low German)
- staarven, stiärven, starven, sterven (Low German)
- stoawen (Plautdietsch)
-
sterven, starven (Middle Low German)
-
stervan (Old Saxon)
-
styrfinn (Old Norse)
- stirvin (Faroese)
- stirfinn (Icelandic)
-
stirfinn (Old Norse)
- stirvin (Faroese)
- stirfinn (Icelandic)