*steubaną

Runic: ᛊᛏᛖᚢᛒᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈsteu̯.βɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 2

Meanings

to fly or whirl about
to fume; smoke; smolder

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (‘to whisk, smoke, obscure’), which may be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (‘to whirl, waft, stink, shake; steam, haze, smoke’), and compared with Ancient Greek τῡ́φω (tū́phō) (tū́phō, ‘to smoke’) (though Orel is skeptical of this derivation). Other theories include derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *stewbʰ- (‘to drive about’), and comparison with Ancient Greek στυφελίζω (stuphelízō) (stuphelízō, ‘to strike hard, dash, beat, drive away’).

However, Kroonen prefers to derive the word from a Proto-Indo-European *tsewbʰ- (‘to fly about’), with the same metathesis from Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic as seen in *stelaną (‘to steal’), and compares Lithuanian siaũbti (‘to dash about’).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	steubō	steubaų	–
2nd singular	stiubizi	steubaiz	steub
3rd singular	stiubidi	steubai	steubadau
1st dual	steubōz	steubaiw	–
2nd dual	steubadiz	steubaidiz	steubadiz
1st plural	steubamaz	steubaim	–
2nd plural	stiubid	steubaid	stiubid
3rd plural	steubandi	steubain	steubandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	steubai	–
2nd singular	steubazai	steubaizau
3rd singular	steubadai	steubaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	steubandai	steubaindau
2nd plural	steubandai	steubaindau
3rd plural	steubandai	steubaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	staub	stubį̄
2nd singular	stauft	stubīz
3rd singular	staub	stubī
1st dual	stubū	stubīw
2nd dual	stubudiz	stubīdiz
1st plural	stubum	stubīm
2nd plural	stubud	stubīd
3rd plural	stubun	stubīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
steubaną	steubandz	stubanaz

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Descendants

*steuban (Proto-West Germanic)
- *stūvan (Old Dutch)
  - stuven (Middle Dutch)
    - stuiven (Dutch)
      - stuif, stuiwe (Afrikaans)
*steuban (Proto-West Germanic)
- *stūva (Old Frisian)
  - stuuwe (Saterland Frisian)
  - stowe (West Frisian)
*steuban (Proto-West Germanic)
- stioban (Old High German)
  - stieben, stiuben (Middle High German)
    - stieben (German)
*steuban (Proto-West Germanic)
- *stiovan, *stūvan (Old Saxon)
  - stûven (Middle Low German)
    - stuven (German Low German)

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