*stāną
Runic: ᛊᛏᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈstɑː.nɑ̃/verb · Irregular
Meanings
to stand
Etymology
The present stem derives from a Pre-Germanic j-present, *sth₂-yé/ó-, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Because it represents a formation known in Indo-European times, it may have been inherited.
The past stem derives from an innovated extended form of the root, Pre-Germanic perfect singular *stéh₂-t-, nonsingular *sth₂-t-´. The process that led to this extension is unknown, however.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | stō | – | – |
| 2nd singular | staisi | – | stai |
| 3rd singular | staiþi | – | stāþau |
| 1st dual | stōs | – | – |
| 2nd dual | stāþiz | – | stāþiz |
| 1st plural | stāmaz | – | – |
| 2nd plural | staiþ | – | staiþ |
| 3rd plural | stānþi | – | stānþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | – | – |
| 3rd singular | – | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | – | – |
| 2nd plural | – | – |
| 3rd plural | – | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | stōþ | stōdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | stōst | stōdīz |
| 3rd singular | stōþ | stōdī |
| 1st dual | stōdū | stōdīw |
| 2nd dual | stōdudiz | stōdīdiz |
| 1st plural | stōdum | stōdīm |
| 2nd plural | stōdud | stōdīd |
| 3rd plural | stōdun | stōdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| stāną | stāndz | stadanaz |
Descendants
-
*stān (Proto-West Germanic)
-
stān (Old Dutch)
-
stâen (Middle Dutch)
- staon (Limburgish)
-
stâen (Middle Dutch)
-
stān (Old Dutch)
-
*stān (Proto-West Germanic)
-
stān (Old Dutch)
-
stâen (Middle Dutch)
-
staan (Dutch)
- staan (Afrikaans)
- tan (Berbice Creole Dutch)
- vestan (Biak)
- stân (Jersey Dutch)
- staan, tan (Negerhollands)
-
staan (Dutch)
-
stâen (Middle Dutch)
-
stān (Old Dutch)
-
*stān (Proto-West Germanic)
-
stān (Old Frisian)
- stean (West Frisian)
-
stān (Old Frisian)
-
*stān (Proto-West Germanic)
-
stān, stēn (Old High German)
-
stān, stēn (Middle High German)
- staa, schtaa (Alemannic German)
- ? (Bavarian)
- stohn, stonn, stiehn (Central Franconian)
- stehen (German)
- stehn (Rhine Franconian)
- śtejn (Vilamovian)
- שטיין (shteyn) (Yiddish)
-
stān, stēn (Middle High German)
-
stān, stēn (Old High German)
-
*stān (Proto-West Germanic)
-
stān (Old Saxon)
-
stān (Middle Low German)
- stahn (German Low German)
-
stān (Middle Low German)
-
stān (Old Saxon)
-
*stá (Old Norse)
- stå (Danish)
- stá (Faroese)
-
*stá (Old Norse)
-
? (Norwegian)
- stå (Norwegian Bokmål)
- stå (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
? (Norwegian)
-
*stá (Old Norse)
-
stā (Old Swedish)
- stå (Swedish)
-
stā (Old Swedish)
- *soora (Proto-Finnic)