*swartijaną
Runic: ᛊᚹᚨᚱᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈswɑr.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
to make black, to blacken
Etymology
From *swartaz (‘black’) + *-janą.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | swartijō | swartijaų | – |
| 2nd singular | swartīsi | swartijais | swartī |
| 3rd singular | swartīþi | swartijai | swartijaþau |
| 1st dual | swartijōs | swartijaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | swartijaþiz | swartijaiþiz | swartijaþiz |
| 1st plural | swartijamaz | swartijaim | – |
| 2nd plural | swartīþ | swartijaiþ | swartīþ |
| 3rd plural | swartijanþi | swartijain | swartijanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | swartijai | – |
| 2nd singular | swartijasai | swartijaisau |
| 3rd singular | swartijaþai | swartijaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | swartijanþai | swartijainþau |
| 2nd plural | swartijanþai | swartijainþau |
| 3rd plural | swartijanþai | swartijainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | swartidǭ | swartidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | swartidēz | swartidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | swartidē | swartidēdī |
| 1st dual | swartidēdū | swartidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | swartidēdudiz | swartidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | swartidēdum | swartidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | swartidēdud | swartidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | swartidēdun | swartidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| swartijaną | swartijandz | swartidaz |
Descendants
-
*swartijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*swerten (Old Dutch)
-
swerten, swarten (Middle Dutch)
- zwarten (Dutch)
-
swerten, swarten (Middle Dutch)
-
*swerten (Old Dutch)
-
*swartijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
swerzen (Old High German)
-
swerzen (Middle High German)
- schwärzen (German)
-
swerzen (Middle High German)
-
swerzen (Old High German)
-
*swartijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*swertian (Old Saxon)
- swerten (Middle Low German)
-
*swertian (Old Saxon)
-
*sverta (Old Norse)
- sverta (Faroese)
- sverta (Icelandic)
- svärta (Swedish)
-
*sverta (Old Norse)
-
? (Norwegian)
- sverte (Norwegian Bokmål)
- sverte, sverta (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
? (Norwegian)
-
*𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*swartjan) (Gothic)
- 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌶𐌻 (swartizl) (Gothic)