*swerbaną
Runic: ᛊᚹᛖᚱᛒᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈswer.βɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 3
Meanings
- to rub; wipe; polish
- to file
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *swerbʰ- (‘to turn; wipe; sweep’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | swerbō | swerbaų | – |
| 2nd singular | swirbizi | swerbaiz | swerb |
| 3rd singular | swirbidi | swerbai | swerbadau |
| 1st dual | swerbōz | swerbaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | swerbadiz | swerbaidiz | swerbadiz |
| 1st plural | swerbamaz | swerbaim | – |
| 2nd plural | swirbid | swerbaid | swirbid |
| 3rd plural | swerbandi | swerbain | swerbandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | swerbai | – |
| 2nd singular | swerbazai | swerbaizau |
| 3rd singular | swerbadai | swerbaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | swerbandai | swerbaindau |
| 2nd plural | swerbandai | swerbaindau |
| 3rd plural | swerbandai | swerbaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | swarb | swurbį̄ |
| 2nd singular | swarft | swurbīz |
| 3rd singular | swarb | swurbī |
| 1st dual | swurbū | swurbīw |
| 2nd dual | swurbudiz | swurbīdiz |
| 1st plural | swurbum | swurbīm |
| 2nd plural | swurbud | swurbīd |
| 3rd plural | swurbun | swurbīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| swerbaną | swerbandz | swurbanaz |
Descendants
-
sweorfan (Old English)
-
swerven, swarven (Middle English)
- swerve, swarve (English)
- swerfe, swarfe, swerve, swarve (Scots)
-
swerven, swarven (Middle English)
-
swerva (Old Frisian)
- swerve (West Frisian)
-
swerban (Old Saxon)
-
swerven (Middle Low German)
- swarven (Low German)
-
swerven (Middle Low German)
-
swervan (Old Saxon)
-
swerven (Middle Low German)
- swarven (Low German)
-
swerven (Middle Low German)
-
*swervan (Old Dutch)
-
swerven (Middle Dutch)
-
zwerven (Dutch)
- swerf, swerwe (Dutch)
-
zwerven (Dutch)
-
swerven (Middle Dutch)
-
swerban (Old High German)
-
swerben (Middle High German)
-
swirbelen, swirbeln (Middle High German)
- schwirbeln (German)
-
swirbelen, swirbeln (Middle High German)
-
swerben (Middle High German)
-
sverfa (Old Norse)
- sverfa (Icelandic)
- sverva (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- svärva (Swedish)
- *𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (*swairban) (Gothic)