*under
Runic: ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ Pronunciation: /ˈun.der/preposition
Meanings
- among, between
- under, beneath (location)
- under (direction)
Etymology
From a merger of two originally distinct prepositions as a result of Verner's law: Pre-Germanic *untér and *undʰér, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥tér (‘inside’), from which also Latin inter; and *(H)n̥dʰér (‘under’), whence Latin īnfrā, Sanskrit अधस् (adhás) (adhás, ‘below’), Ossetian дӕлӕ (dælæ, ‘below’).
Descendants
-
*undar (Proto-West Germanic)
-
under (Old Dutch)
-
onder (Middle Dutch)
- ónger (Limburgish)
-
onder (Middle Dutch)
-
under (Old Dutch)
-
*undar (Proto-West Germanic)
-
under (Old Dutch)
-
onder (Middle Dutch)
-
onder (Dutch)
- onder (Afrikaans)
- ondoo (Aukan)
- ondro (Berbice Creole Dutch)
- onder, ondu, undu (Negerhollands)
-
onder (Dutch)
-
onder (Middle Dutch)
-
under (Old Dutch)
-
*undar (Proto-West Germanic)
-
under (Old English)
-
under, vnder, onder (Middle English)
- under (English)
- unner (Scots)
- unnere (Yola)
-
under, vnder, onder (Middle English)
-
under (Old English)
-
*undar (Proto-West Germanic)
-
under (Old Frisian)
- öner (North Frisian)
- unner (Saterland Frisian)
- ûnder (West Frisian)
-
under (Old Frisian)
-
*undar (Proto-West Germanic)
-
untar, undar, under (Old High German)
-
under (Middle High German)
- unter (German)
- unne (Hunsrik)
- ënner (Luxembourgish)
- אונטער (unter) (Yiddish)
-
under (Middle High German)
-
untar, undar, under (Old High German)
-
*undar (Proto-West Germanic)
-
undar (Old Saxon)
-
under, ünder, ynder (Middle Low German)
- ünner, ünder, onder (Low German)
- unja (Plautdietsch)
-
under, ünder, ynder (Middle Low German)
-
undar (Old Saxon)
-
undir (Old Norse)
- under (Danish)
- undir (Faroese)
- undar, unda, undur (Gutnish)
- undir (Icelandic)
- onjder, onder (Norn)
- under (Norwegian Bokmål)
- under (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
undir (Old Norse)
-
undir (Old Swedish)
- under (Swedish)
-
undir (Old Swedish)
- 𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂 (undar) (Gothic)
-
unter (Old Galician-Portuguese)
- unter, ontre (Galician)