*warmaz

Runic: ᚹᚨᚱᛗᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈwɑr.mɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

warm (having a higher temperature than usual)

Etymology

Uncertain. Two different etymologies have been proposed.

# From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰór-mo-s, from *gʷʰer- (‘warm, hot’) + *-mos, related to Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós) (thermós), Latin formus, Persian گرم (garm) and Sanskrit घर्म (gharma) (gharma).

# From Proto-Indo-European *wór-mo-s, from *wer- (‘to burn’) + *-mos, related to Hittite [script needed] (kaka-) (warnuzi).

The dispute is due to differing hypotheses on how Proto-Indo-European initial *gʷʰ- evolved in Germanic. Some maintain that *gʷʰ would have turned to *b, and therefore that the root *gʷʰer- would instead have given rise to *ber- (‘to burn’) etc. (compare *banô < *gʷʰon-ō). A counterargument (e.g. (Kroonen 2013: p. xxviii)) is that Germanic *w is in fact the usual outcome of *gʷʰ, citing uncontroversial examples such as *snaiwaz < *snóygʷʰos and *neurô < *négʷʰrō. There have also been etymologies proposing a merger of the two roots.

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	warmaz	warmō	warmą, -atō	warmai	warmôz	warmō
Acc.	warmanǭ	warmǭ	warmą, -atō	warmanz	warmōz	warmō
Gen.	warmas, -is	warmaizōz	warmas, -is	warmaizǫ̂	warmaizǫ̂	warmaizǫ̂
Dat.	warmammai	warmaizōi	warmammai	warmaimaz	warmaimaz	warmaimaz
Inst.	warmanō	warmaizō	warmanō	warmaimiz	warmaimiz	warmaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	warmô	warmǭ	warmô	warmaniz	warmōniz	warmōnō
Acc.	warmanų	warmōnų	warmô	warmanunz	warmōnunz	warmōnō
Gen.	warminiz	warmōniz	warminiz	warmanǫ̂	warmōnǫ̂	warmanǫ̂
Dat.	warmini	warmōni	warmini	warmammaz	warmōmaz	warmammaz
Inst.	warminē	warmōnē	warminē	warmammiz	warmōmiz	warmammiz

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Descendants

*warm (Proto-West Germanic)
- *warm (Old Dutch)
  - warm (Middle Dutch)
    - werm (Limburgish)
    - werm (West Flemish)
*warm (Proto-West Germanic)
- *warm (Old Dutch)
  - warm (Middle Dutch)
    - warm (Dutch)
      - warm (Afrikaans)
*warm (Proto-West Germanic)
- wearm (Old English)
  - warm, warme, werm, wearm (Middle English)
    - warm (English)
    - wairm (Scots)
*warm (Proto-West Germanic)
- warm (Old Frisian)
  - woorm (Saterland Frisian)
  - waarm (West Frisian)
*warm (Proto-West Germanic)
- warm (Old High German)
  - warm (Middle High German)
    - warm (German)
    - waarm (Luxembourgish)
    - וואַרעם (varem) (Yiddish)
*warm (Proto-West Germanic)
- warm (Old High German)
  - warm (Middle High German)
    - warm (Alemannic German)
      - warm, woare, woarm, wore, wérme (Italian Walser)
*warm (Proto-West Germanic)
- warm (Old High German)
  - warm (Middle High German)
    - borm (Bavarian)
      - barm (Cimbrian)
      - bòrm (Mòcheno)
      - borm, borbm, boarm (Udinese)
      - wårm (Viennese)
*warm (Proto-West Germanic)
- warm (Old High German)
  - warm (Middle High German)
    - wärm, warm (Central Franconian)
      - waarem (Hunsrik)
*warm (Proto-West Germanic)
- warm (Old Saxon)
  - warm (Middle Low German)
    - warm (German Low German)
    - warm (Low German)
varmr (Old Norse)
- warm (Elfdalian)
- varmur (Faroese)
- varmur (Icelandic)
- varm, varm’u, varm’e (Norwegian Nynorsk)
varmr (Old Norse)
- warm (Old Danish)
  - værmer (Scanian)
varmr (Old Norse)
- warm (Old Danish)
  - varm (Danish)
    - varm (Norwegian Bokmål)
varmr (Old Norse)
- varmbr (Old Gutnish)
  - varmar (Gutnish)
varmr (Old Norse)
- varmber, værmber (Old Swedish)
  - varm (Swedish)

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