*þarbō
Runic: ᚦᚨᚱᛒᛟ Pronunciation: /ˈθɑr.βɔː/noun · feminine · ō-stem
Meanings
need
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *torp-éh₂, from *terp- (‘to satisfy; to need’). The details of the semantic shift are uncertain. According to Kroonen, Germanic may have preserved an older sense “to use” which has not survived in the other branches.
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | þarbō | þarbôz |
| Acc. | þarbǭ | þarbōz |
| Gen. | þarbōz | þarbǫ̂ |
| Dat. | þarbōi | þarbōmaz |
| Inst. | þarbō | þarbōmiz |
| Voc. | þarbō | þarbôz |
Descendants
-
*þarbu (Proto-West Germanic)
- darba (Old High German)
-
*þarbu (Proto-West Germanic)
-
þearf (Old English)
- thearf, therf (Middle English)
-
þearf (Old English)
-
*þarbu (Proto-West Germanic)
-
tharf (Old Saxon)
-
bedarf (Middle Low German)
- Bedarf (German)
- Bedarf (Saterland Frisian)
-
bedarf (Middle Low German)
-
tharf (Old Saxon)
-
*ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ (*þarbu) (Proto-Norse)
-
þǫrf (Old Norse)
- tørvur, tarvur (Faroese)
- þörf (Icelandic)
-
þǫrf (Old Norse)
-
*ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ (*þarbu) (Proto-Norse)
-
þǫrf (Old Norse)
-
? (Norwegian)
- tarv (Norwegian Bokmål)
- tarv, torv (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
? (Norwegian)
-
þǫrf (Old Norse)
-
*ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ (*þarbu) (Proto-Norse)
-
þǫrf (Old Norse)
-
tharf (Old Danish)
- tarv (Danish)
-
tharf (Old Danish)
-
þǫrf (Old Norse)
-
*ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ (*þarbu) (Proto-Norse)
-
þǫrf (Old Norse)
-
þarf (Old Swedish)
- tarv, tarf (Swedish)
-
þarf (Old Swedish)
-
þǫrf (Old Norse)
-
*ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ (*þarbu) (Proto-Norse)
-
ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡ (uþᴀrᴀbᴀ) (Proto-Norse)
-
óþǫrf, úþǫrf, óþarfa (Old Norse)
- óþörf (Icelandic)
- otharf (Old Swedish)
-
óþǫrf, úþǫrf, óþarfa (Old Norse)
-
ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡ (uþᴀrᴀbᴀ) (Proto-Norse)
- 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰 (þarba) (Gothic)
- *tarbis (Proto-Finnic)