*þwerhaz

Runic: ᚦᚹᛖᚱᚺᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈθwer.xɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

cross, adverse

Etymology

Presumably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (‘to turn’); compare Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku) (tarku, ‘spindle’) and Latin torqueō (‘to twist’). Kroonen assumes metathesis of Pre-Germanic *térkʷos to *twérkos.

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	þwerhaz	þwerhō	þwerhą, -atō	þwerhai	þwerhôz	þwerhō
Acc.	þwerhanǭ	þwerhǭ	þwerhą, -atō	þwerhanz	þwerhōz	þwerhō
Gen.	þwerhas, -is	þwerhaizōz	þwerhas, -is	þwerhaizǫ̂	þwerhaizǫ̂	þwerhaizǫ̂
Dat.	þwerhammai	þwerhaizōi	þwerhammai	þwerhaimaz	þwerhaimaz	þwerhaimaz
Inst.	þwerhanō	þwerhaizō	þwerhanō	þwerhaimiz	þwerhaimiz	þwerhaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	þwerhô	þwerhǭ	þwerhô	þwerhaniz	þwerhōniz	þwerhōnō
Acc.	þwerhanų	þwerhōnų	þwerhô	þwerhanunz	þwerhōnunz	þwerhōnō
Gen.	þwerhiniz	þwerhōniz	þwerhiniz	þwerhanǫ̂	þwerhōnǫ̂	þwerhanǫ̂
Dat.	þwerhini	þwerhōni	þwerhini	þwerhammaz	þwerhōmaz	þwerhammaz
Inst.	þwerhinē	þwerhōnē	þwerhinē	þwerhammiz	þwerhōmiz	þwerhammiz

Find a form

Descendants

*þwerh (Proto-West Germanic)
- *thwerh, *thwerhes (Old Dutch)
  - dwer, dwers, dwersch, dwāers (Middle Dutch)
    - dwars (Dutch)
      - dwars (Afrikaans)
*þwerh (Proto-West Germanic)
- þweorh, þwerh (Old English)
  - thwīre, thwyre (Middle English)
*þwerh (Proto-West Germanic)
- þweres (Old Frisian)
  - twer (West Frisian)
*þwerh (Proto-West Germanic)
- dwerah (Old High German)
  - dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer (Middle High German)
    - Twër (Alemannic German)
    - queesch (Luxembourgish)
    - twar (Vilamovian)
*þwerh (Proto-West Germanic)
- dwerah (Old High German)
  - dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer (Middle High German)
    - quer, zwerch (German)
      - kvär (Swedish)
*þwerh (Proto-West Germanic)
- dwerah (Old High German)
  - dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer (Middle High German)
    - quer, zwerch (German)
      - kvær (Danish)
        
        kvær (Norwegian Bokmål)
*þwerh (Proto-West Germanic)
- thwerh, ðwerh (Old Saxon)
  - dwer, dwers, queer (Middle Low German)
    - dwere, dwire (Middle English)
*þwerh (Proto-West Germanic)
- thwerh, ðwerh (Old Saxon)
  - dwer, dwers, queer (Middle Low German)
    - dweer, dwars, quars, verquars (Low German)
      - verquast (German)
*þwerh (Proto-West Germanic)
- thwerh, ðwerh (Old Saxon)
  - dwer, dwers, queer (Middle Low German)
    - queer (Scots)
      - queer, qwer (English)
        
        kuir (Azerbaijani)
        
        queer (Danish)
        
        kvira (Esperanto)
        
        queer (French)
        
        ქვიარი (kviari) (Georgian)
        
        queer, Queer (German)
        
        קוויר (Hebrew)
        
        queer (Hungarian)
        
        クィア (kuia) (Japanese)
        
        queer, kvīrs (Latvian)
        
        queer (Polish)
        
        queer, cuir, cuír (Portuguese)
        
        квир (kvir) (Russian)
        
        queer, kvir, квир (Serbo-Croatian)
        
        kwir (Slovene)
        
        queer, cuir (Spanish)
        
        queer (Swedish)
        
        குயர் (kuyar) (Tamil)
        
        queer, kuir (Turkish)
        
        квір (kvir) (Ukrainian)
        
        קוויר (kvir) (Yiddish)
þverr (Old Norse)
- tvær (Danish)
- tvørur (Faroese)
- þver (Icelandic)
- tverr (Norwegian)
þverr (Old Norse)
- þvert (Old Norse)
  - tvært (Danish)
þverr (Old Norse)
- þvert (Old Norse)
  - thwert (Middle English)
    - thwart (English)
þverr (Old Norse)
- þvær, þvar (Old Swedish)
  - tvär (Swedish)
𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍃 (þwairhs) (Gothic)

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