*-þwō
Runic: ᚦᚹᛟ Pronunciation: /θwɔː/suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ō-stem
Function
forms feminine abstract/action nouns from verbs, often denoting an act, state, result, or associated condition
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *-twéh₂, beside strong-form *-tuh₂, from *-tu- + *-éh₂. Some inherited forms show *-dwō by Verner’s Law and later leveling (Kluge 1899: §140; Krahe & Meid 1969: §127). The closest IE cognates are Proto-Balto-Slavic *-twāˀ > Proto-Slavic *-tva, forming deverbative nouns of action, state, result, and instrument (Derksen 2008: 42; Matasović 2014: 115–17). Sanskrit -त्व (-tvá) and Avestan 𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬀 (-tva-) are structurally related members of the same complex.
Paradigm
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | -þwō | -þwôz |
| Acc. | -þwǭ | -þwōz |
| Gen. | -þwōz | -þwǫ̂ |
| Dat. | -þwōi | -þwōmaz |
| Inst. | -þwō | -þwōmiz |
| Voc. | -þwō | -þwôz |
Descendants
- -𐌸𐍅𐌰 (-þwa) (Gothic)