*ēdraz

Runic: ᛖᛞᚱᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɛː.ðrɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

quick, speedy, prompt

Etymology

Unknown. (Kroonen 2013) compares Lithuanian otrùs (‘quick’) and Latvian ātrs (‘quick’) but considers them possible loans from. Van der (Heijden 2018) reconstructs the term from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁-t-ró-s, from root *h₂eh₁- (‘to burn, be hot’), with lengthened grade in the Proto-Germanic term. In that case, possible cognates would be Proto-Italic *ātros (‘black’) and Avestan 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (ātar) (ātar, ‘fire’). However, the -ē- would have had to have been lengthened early on, otherwise *h₂eh₁- would more likely lead to Late PIE *-ā-and then Proto-Germanic -ō-.

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	ēdraz	ēdrō	ēdrą, -atō	ēdrai	ēdrôz	ēdrō
Acc.	ēdranǭ	ēdrǭ	ēdrą, -atō	ēdranz	ēdrōz	ēdrō
Gen.	ēdras, ēdris	ēdraizōz	ēdras, ēdris	ēdraizǫ̂	ēdraizǫ̂	ēdraizǫ̂
Dat.	ēdrammai	ēdraizōi	ēdrammai	ēdraimaz	ēdraimaz	ēdraimaz
Inst.	ēdranō	ēdraizō	ēdranō	ēdraimiz	ēdraimiz	ēdraimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	ēdrô	ēdrǭ	ēdrô	ēdraniz	ēdrōniz	ēdrōnō
Acc.	ēdranų	ēdrōnų	ēdrô	ēdranunz	ēdrōnunz	ēdrōnō
Gen.	ēdriniz	ēdrōniz	ēdriniz	ēdranǫ̂	ēdrōnǫ̂	ēdranǫ̂
Dat.	ēdrini	ēdrōni	ēdrini	ēdrammaz	ēdrōmaz	ēdrammaz
Inst.	ēdrinē	ēdrōnē	ēdrinē	ēdrammiz	ēdrōmiz	ēdrammiz

Find a form

Descendants

*ādr, ādrō (Proto-West Germanic)
- ādro (Old Dutch)
- ātar (Old High German)
- ādro (Old Saxon)
*ādr, ādrō (Proto-West Germanic)
- *ǣder, *ēder, ǣdre, ēdre (Old English)
  - ȝedir, ȝedire, yeder (Middle English)
*ādr, ādrō (Proto-West Germanic)
- ēder, ēdre (Old Frisian)
  - äder, eder (North Frisian)
  - edder (Saterland Frisian)
  - yer (West Frisian)
áðr (Old Norse)
- áður (Faroese)
- áður (Icelandic)

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