*-īnaz
Runic: ᛁᚾᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /iː.nɑz/suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem
Function
like modern English “-en”; forms adjectives of material from nouns, meaning 'made of (noun)'; forms adjectives or nominalized adjectives pertaining to a thing, as in ‘characteristic of’ the base
Etymology
This prefix is from pre-Germanic *-ī-no-s, from Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂-no-s, a complex appurtenance adjective formation built from the relational/possessive *-ih₂- plus adjectival *-nós (Dunkel 2014: 20 n. 8; Kim 2014: 130–31). The suffix can be seen in a broader Indo-European *-ī-no- type, with cognates such as Latin -īnus, Ancient Greek -ινος (-ĭnos), Proto-Celtic *īnos, Proto-Slavic *-inъ, and Sanskrit -ईन (-īna) (Krahe & Meid 1969: 110–14; Repanšek 2016: 96–97).
Paradigm
Strong declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | -īnaz | -īnō | -īną, -atō | -īnai | -īnôz | -īnō |
| Acc. | -īnanǭ | -īnǭ | -īną, -atō | -īnanz | -īnōz | -īnō |
| Gen. | -īnas, -is | -īnaizōz | -īnas, -is | -īnaizǫ̂ | -īnaizǫ̂ | -īnaizǫ̂ |
| Dat. | -īnammai | -īnaizōi | -īnammai | -īnaimaz | -īnaimaz | -īnaimaz |
| Inst. | -īnanō | -īnaizō | -īnanō | -īnaimiz | -īnaimiz | -īnaimiz |
Weak declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | -īnô | -īnǭ | -īnô | -īnaniz | -īnōniz | -īnōnō |
| Acc. | -īnanų | -īnōnų | -īnô | -īnanunz | -īnōnunz | -īnōnō |
| Gen. | -īniniz | -īnōniz | -īniniz | -īnanǫ̂ | -īnōnǫ̂ | -īnanǫ̂ |
| Dat. | -īnini | -īnōni | -īnini | -īnammaz | -īnōmaz | -īnammaz |
| Inst. | -īninē | -īnōnē | -īninē | -īnammiz | -īnōmiz | -īnammiz |
Descendants
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*-īn (Proto-West Germanic)
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*-īn (Old Dutch)
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-ijn, -en (Middle Dutch)
- -en (Dutch)
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-ijn, -en (Middle Dutch)
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*-īn (Old Dutch)
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*-īn (Proto-West Germanic)
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-en (Old English)
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-en (Middle English)
- -en (English)
- -en, -in (Scots)
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-en (Middle English)
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-en (Old English)
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*-īn (Proto-West Germanic)
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-en (Old Frisian)
- -en (Saterland Frisian)
- -en (West Frisian)
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-en (Old Frisian)
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*-īn (Proto-West Germanic)
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-īn (Old High German)
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-en (Middle High German)
- -en, -ern (German)
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-en (Middle High German)
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-īn (Old High German)
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*-īn (Proto-West Germanic)
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-īn (Old Saxon)
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-en (Middle Low German)
- -en (Low German)
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-en (Middle Low German)
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-īn (Old Saxon)
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-inn (Old Norse)
- -inn (Icelandic)
- -𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (-eins) (Gothic)