*-īniz

Runic: ᛁᚾᛁᛉ Pronunciation: /iː.niz/

suffix · forms nouns · feminine · i-stem

Function

forms feminine abstract, action, or result nouns from Class 1 weak verbs, with the sense ‘the act, process, state, or result of doing X’

Etymology

From Early Proto-Germanic *-iji-niz, from pre-Germanic *-eye-ni-s or *-iye-ni-s, made up of the Weak class 1 present-stem suffix + inherited Proto-Indo-European *-ni- (Krahe & Meid 1969: 117–18). The *-j- was lost when preceded and followed by *i, and the two vowels in hiatus then contracted into long *ī (Ringe 2017: 153–55). Krahe and Meid (1969: 117–18) treat this suffix as one of three weak verb abstract types beside Weak class 2 *-ōniz from *-eh₂(ye)-nis, and Weak class 3 *-ainiz from *-oye-ni-s.

Paradigm

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.-īniz-īnīz
Acc.-īnį-īninz
Gen.-īnīz-īnijǫ̂
Dat.-īnī-īnimaz
Inst.-īnī-īnimiz
Voc.-īni-īnīz

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Descendants

  • *-īn (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *-īn (Old Dutch)
      • -ijn, -en (Middle Dutch)
        • -en (Dutch)
  • *-īn (Proto-West Germanic)
    • -en (Old English)
      • -en (Middle English)
        • -en (English)
        • -en, -in (Scots)
  • *-īn (Proto-West Germanic)
    • -en (Old Frisian)
      • -en (Saterland Frisian)
      • -en (West Frisian)
  • *-īn (Proto-West Germanic)
    • -īn (Old High German)
      • -en (Middle High German)
        • -en, -ern (German)
  • *-īn (Proto-West Germanic)
    • -īn (Old Saxon)
      • -en (Middle Low German)
        • -en (Low German)
  • -inn, enn, hinn, inn (Old Norse)
    • -inn (Icelandic)
    • -in (Faroese)
    • -en (Norwegian Nynorsk)
    • -en (Norwegian Bokmål)
    • -en (Swedish)
    • -en (Danish)
  • -𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (-eins) (Gothic)

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