*aitrą

Runic: ᚨᛁᛏᚱᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑi̯.trɑ̃/

noun · neuter · a-stem

Meanings

  1. poison, especially venom
  2. pus; purulent matter

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyd-ro-m, a neuter -ro- formation from the o-grade of root *h₂eyd-. The original sense was probably ‘fluid discharged from a swelling or ulcer’, whence both ‘pus’ and, through its association with harmful bodily or animal secretions, ‘poison, venom’ (Kroonen 2013: 14–15; Lloyd & Springer 1988: s.v. eitar). Cognate in formation with Old Church Slavonic ꙗдра (jadra), and related at the root level to Old Armenian այտնում (aytnum), Ancient Greek οἰδέω (oidéō), οἶδος (oîdos), and Latin aemidus (Beekes 2010: 1053–54; Martirosyan 2010: 61, 706; Matasović 2018; Orel 2003: 10).

Declension

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.aitrąaitrō
Acc.aitrąaitrō
Gen.aitras, aitrisaitrǫ̂
Dat.aitraiaitramaz
Inst.aitrōaitramiz
Voc.aitrąaitrō

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Descendants

  • *aitr (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *ētar, *ēttar, eitir (Old Dutch)
      • etter, atter (Middle Dutch)
        • etter, atter (Dutch)
  • *aitr (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ātor, āttor, ǣtor, ǣttor (Old English)
      • atter, attere, attir, attre, atture, attyr, attyre, atterr (Middle English)
        • atter (English)
        • atter, etter (Scots)
  • *aitr (Proto-West Germanic)
    • āter, ater, ātter, atter (Old Frisian)
      • Atter (Saterland Frisian)
      • etter (West Frisian)
  • *aitr (Proto-West Germanic)
    • eitar, eittar (Old High German)
      • eiter (Middle High German)
        • Eiter (German)
        • Eeter (Luxembourgish)
  • *aitr (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ēttor, ēttar, eitir (Old Saxon)
      • etter (Middle Low German)
        • Etter, Atter (Low German)
  • eitr (Old Norse)
    • ietter (Elfdalian)
    • eitur (Faroese)
    • eitur (Icelandic)
  • eitr (Old Norse)
    • eiter, eitr (Norwegian Nynorsk)
      • eiter (Norwegian Bokmål)
  • eitr (Old Norse)
    • ētær (Old Danish)
      • edder (Danish)
        • edder (Norwegian Bokmål)
  • eitr (Old Norse)
    • ēter (Old Swedish)
      • etter (Swedish)

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