*akaną^²

Runic: ᚨᚲᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 6

Meanings

to suffer a persistent or recurring pain; to ache

Etymology

Of uncertain Proto-Indo-European origin. Kroonen (2013: 18) separates this West Germanic verb from the homonym meaning ‘to drive or travel in a vehicle; by extension, to sail or navigate’ and derives it from a distinct PIE formation *h₂/₃éǵ-e/o-, connecting it with Sanskrit आजि (ājí), Avestan 𐬁𐬰𐬌 (āzi), and Persian آز (âz). The semantic development would have proceeded through notions such as ‘strife, agitation, distress’. Orel (2003: 11), Seebold (1970: 75), and Hansen (2014: 83) instead identify it with the homonym, comparing the semantic development of Latin agitō. Related to *akiz.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	–	–	–
2nd singular	–	–	–
3rd singular	–	–	–
1st dual	–	–	–
2nd dual	–	–	–
1st plural	–	–	–
2nd plural	–	–	–
3rd plural	–	–	–

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	–	–
2nd singular	–	–
3rd singular	–	–
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	–	–
2nd plural	–	–
3rd plural	–	–

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	–	–
2nd singular	–	–
3rd singular	–	–
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	–	–
2nd plural	–	–
3rd plural	–	–

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
akaną	–	–

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Descendants

*akan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *akan (Old Dutch)
  - ākel (Middle Dutch)
    - akelig (Dutch)
*akan (Proto-West Germanic)
- acan (Old English)
  - aken, ake, eken (Middle English)
    - ache (English)
    - yawk (Scots)
*akan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *aka (Old Frisian)
  - ääke, eeke (Saterland Frisian)
*akan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *akan (Old Saxon)
  - aken (Middle Low German)
    - aken, äken, achen (Low German)

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