*alinabugô

Runic: ᚨᛚᛁᚾᚨᛒᚢᚷᛟ Pronunciation: /ˈɑ.li.nɑ.bu.ɣɔːː/

noun · masculine · an-stem

Meanings

elbow; the joint or bend between the upper and lower arm

Etymology

A transparent compound of *alinō + *bugô, literally ‘bend/bow of the forearm’ (Orel 2003: 14; Watkins 2011: s.v. el-) . The formation is securely Proto-Germanic, reflected by Old English elnboga, Old High German elinbogo, and Old Norse ǫlnbogi, alnbogi; the widespread agreement of North and West Germanic favors inheritance rather than parallel innovation.

Ultimately the two constituents continue separate Proto-Indo-European formations. *alinō belongs to the widespread Indo-European ‘elbow, forearm’ family from PIE root *Heh₃l-, with derivatives including Ancient Greek ὠλένη (ōlénē) ὠλένη, Latin ulna, Old Irish uilen, and Welsh elin (Beekes 2010: 1678–79; Matasović 2009a: 297–98; Watkins 2011: s.v. el-). Mallory and Adams (1997: 176) regard this body-part term as widespread and old in Indo-European, though affected by some irregular phonological developments. The second constituent, *bugô, continues the Germanic ‘bend, bow’ noun associated with *beuganą/*būganą and ultimately PIE *bʰewgʰ-.

Declension

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.alinabugôalinabuganiz
Acc.alinabuganųalinabuganunz
Gen.alinabuginizalinabuganǫ̂
Dat.alinabuginialinabugammaz
Inst.alinabuginēalinabugammiz
Voc.alinabugôalinabuganiz

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Descendants

  • *alinbogō (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *elinbogo (Old Dutch)
      • ellenbōge, ellenbōghe (Middle Dutch)
        • elleboog, ellenboog (Dutch)
          • elmboog (Afrikaans)
  • *alinbogō (Proto-West Germanic)
    • elnboga, elboga (Old English)
      • *elboghe, *elboȝe, elbowe (Middle English)
        • elbow (English)
        • elbuck (Scots)
  • *alinbogō (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *elboga (Old Frisian)
      • Älbooge (Saterland Frisian)
  • *alinbogō (Proto-West Germanic)
    • elinbogo (Old High German)
      • elenboge (Middle High German)
        • Ellenboge, Ellbogen, Ellenbogen (German)
        • Ielebou (Luxembourgish)
        • עלנבויגן (elnboygn) (Yiddish)
  • *alinbogō (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *elinbogo (Old Saxon)
      • ellebōge (Middle Low German)
        • Ellebage (Low German)
        • Alboagen (Plautdietsch)
  • ǫlnbogi (Old Norse)
    • albogi, albógvi (Faroese)
    • olnbogi, olbogi (Icelandic)
  • ǫlnbogi, alnbogi, albogi, ǫlbogi (Old Norse)
    • albue (Norwegian Bokmål)
    • olboge (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • ǫlnbogi, alnbogi, albogi, ǫlbogi (Old Norse)
    • almboghæ (Old Danish)
      • albue, almbue, armbue (Danish)
  • ǫlnbogi, alnbogi, albogi, ǫlbogi (Old Norse)
    • *alnboghi, alboghi (Old Swedish)
      • almboge, armbåge (Swedish)

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