*anadô
Runic: ᚨᚾᚨᛞᛟ Pronunciation: /ˈɑ.nɑ.ðɔːː/noun · masculine · an-stem
Meanings
- breath
- spirit; vital force
- zeal, ardor; a secondary emotional sense reflected especially in West Germanic
Etymology
From a masculine n-stem built to an extended form *h₂enh₁-dʰ- of Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-; compare *ananą. The *-dʰ- may represent the PIE root enlargement traditionally called the dʰ-determinative; in Germanic nouns derived from intransitive roots, Lehmann (1942) analyzes this enlargement as marking a state or result produced by a preceding action, which would permit *h₂enh₁-dʰ- ‘that which results from breathing’ > ‘breath’. A close morphological-semantic parallel is his analysis of Germanic *wedrą as a dʰ-extension of PIE *h₂weh₁- (Lehmann 1942: 128). The identification of *-dʰ- as an enlargement is, however, uncertain, as no exact extra-Germanic counterpart confirms the exact enlarged stem. Root cognates include Latin anima< *h₂enh₁-mo and Proto-Celtic *anatlā < *h₂enh₁-tl-eh₂ (de Vaan 2008: s.v. animus; Matasović 2009a: 35).
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | anadô | anadaniz |
| Acc. | anadanų | anadanunz |
| Gen. | anadiniz | anadanǫ̂ |
| Dat. | anadini | anadammaz |
| Inst. | anadinē | anadammiz |
| Voc. | anadô | anadaniz |
Descendants
-
*anadō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ando (Old Dutch)
- ande (Middle Dutch)
-
ando (Old Dutch)
-
*anadō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
anda, onda (Old English)
- onde, oende, ond, oonde, ounde, ande, onden (Middle English)
-
anda, onda (Old English)
-
*anadō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
anto, ando, anado (Old High German)
-
ande (Middle High German)
- Ahnd, And (German)
-
ande (Middle High German)
-
anto, ando, anado (Old High German)
-
*anadō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ando (Old Saxon)
- ande (Middle Low German)
-
ando (Old Saxon)
-
andi (Old Norse)
- andi (Faroese)
- andi (Icelandic)
- ande, ånd (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
andi (Old Norse)
-
ånde, ånd (Danish)
- ånde (Norwegian Bokmål)
-
ånde, ånd (Danish)
-
andi (Old Norse)
-
onde, hond, oonde, aand, aande, aende, and, ande, hand, aynd (Middle English)
- eand, yane, eynd (English)
-
onde, hond, oonde, aand, aande, aende, and, ande, hand, aynd (Middle English)
-
andi (Old Norse)
-
onde, hond, oonde, aand, aande, aende, and, ande, hand, aynd (Middle English)
-
aind, aynd (Middle Scots)
- aynd, eind, end (Scots)
-
aind, aynd (Middle Scots)
-
onde, hond, oonde, aand, aande, aende, and, ande, hand, aynd (Middle English)
-
andi (Old Norse)
-
ande (Old Swedish)
- ande, anda (Swedish)
-
ande (Old Swedish)