*ananą

Runic: ᚨᚾᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑ.nɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 6

Meanings

to breathe

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *h₂énh₁-e-, a thematicized full-grade continuation of the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂enh₁- (Kroonen 2013: 27; Rix et al. 2001: 267–68). Germanic evidence is sparse: the verb is reconstructed mainly from Gothic 𐌿𐌶𐍉𐌽 (uzōn). Ringe (2017: 274–75) places *ananą among the vowel-initial Strong class 6 verbs whose preterite singular developed a long vowel through contraction of the reduplicating and root syllables, which he reconstructs as trimoric *ôn- specifically in the preterite indicative singular, beside ordinary *ōn- in the remainder of the preterite paradigm. Fulk (2018: 259), following Mailhammer (2007: 89–103, especially 94–95) and Schumacher (2005: 597–98), acknowledges the long vowel derived from reduplication of the initial laryngeal, but posits the length as a simple bimoric vowel in both singular and plural. The absence of **-nn- is noteworthy, since *ananą provides a counterexample to the proposed Germanic development *-nH- > *-nn-: inherited *-nh₁- instead gives simple *-n- here (Scheungraber 2010: 84–85). Cognate with Sanskrit अनिति (ániti) and Proto-Celtic *ana-, the latter probably showing the semantic development ‘breathe, exhale’ > ‘rest, pause’ > ‘remain’ (Matasović 2009a: s.v. *ana-; Rix et al. 2001: 267–68). Compare also Ancient Greek ἄνεμος (ánemos), and Latin animus, derivatives of the same PIE root (Rix et al. 2001: 267 n. 1).

Conjugation

Present active

PersonIndicativeSubjunctiveImperative
1st singularanōanaų–
2nd singularanizianaizan
3rd singularanidianaianadau
1st dualanōzanaiw–
2nd dualanadizanaidizanadiz
1st pluralanamazanaim–
2nd pluralanidanaidanid
3rd pluralanandianainanandau

Present passive

PersonIndicativeSubjunctive
1st singularanai–
2nd singularanazaianaizau
3rd singularanadaianaidau
1st dual––
2nd dual––
1st pluralanandaianaindau
2nd pluralanandaianaindau
3rd pluralanandaianaindau

Past

PersonIndicativeSubjunctive
1st singularōnōnį̄
2nd singularōntōnīz
3rd singularōnōnī
1st dualōnūōnīw
2nd dualōnudizōnīdiz
1st pluralōnumōnīm
2nd pluralōnudōnīd
3rd pluralōnunōnīn

Non-finite Forms

InfinitivePresent ParticiplePast Participle
ananą anandz ananaz

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Descendants

  • *𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*anan), 𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (uzanan) (Gothic)

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