*anstijaną
Runic: ᚨᚾᛊᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑn.sti.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
- to ask, request; demand
- to favor, show kindness; be kindly disposed
- to enjoy oneself; live pleasantly or luxuriously
Etymology
From the Proto-Germanic i-stem *anstiz, specifically its stem *ansti- + *-(i)janą¹. The divergent meanings of its descendants remain close to the semantic range of the base noun: Old Norse æsta reflects ‘to seek or ask for favor’, while Middle High German ensten and Old English ēstan reflect the notions ‘to show favor’ and ‘to enjoy favor or bounty’, respectively (Clark Hall 1916: s.v. ēstan; Cleasby & Vigfusson 1874: s.v. æsta; Orel 2003: 21). The *-(i)janą¹ suffix belongs to the PGmc Weak class 1 continuation of Indo-European *-yé/ó- and related denominative formations (Ringe 2017: 199–201).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | anstijō | anstijaų | – |
| 2nd singular | anstīsi | anstijais | anstī |
| 3rd singular | anstīþi | anstijai | anstijaþau |
| 1st dual | anstijōs | anstijaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | anstijaþiz | anstijaiþiz | anstijaþiz |
| 1st plural | anstijamaz | anstijaim | – |
| 2nd plural | anstīþ | anstijaiþ | anstīþ |
| 3rd plural | anstijanþi | anstijain | anstijanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | anstijai | – |
| 2nd singular | anstijasai | anstijaisau |
| 3rd singular | anstijaþai | anstijaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | anstijanþai | anstijainþau |
| 2nd plural | anstijanþai | anstijainþau |
| 3rd plural | anstijanþai | anstijainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | anstidǭ | anstidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | anstidēz | anstidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | anstidē | anstidēdī |
| 1st dual | anstidēdū | anstidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | anstidēdudiz | anstidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | anstidēdum | anstidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | anstidēdud | anstidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | anstidēdun | anstidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| anstijaną | anstijandz | anstidaz |
Descendants
-
*anstijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- ēstan, œ̄stan (Old English)
-
*anstijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*ensten (Old High German)
- ensten (Middle High German)
-
*ensten (Old High German)
-
æsta (Old Norse)
- æsta (Icelandic)
- æsta (Old Swedish)