*apaliją

Runic: ᚨᛈᚨᛚᛁᛃᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑ.pɑ.li.jɑ̃/

noun · neuter · ja-stem

Meanings

  1. apple
  2. fruit resembling or otherwise classed with an apple

Etymology

From the Germanic ‘apple’ stem *apal- beside *apla- (cf. *aplaz) + *-(i)ją, forming a secondary North Germanic neuter ja-stem. The immediate reconstruction is uncertain: Mees (2022b: 10) gives *apaliją, while Kroonen (2013: 31–32) and Wodtko and colleagues (2008: 262) reconstruct *aplja- (cf. alternative *apliją); Cheung and Aydemir (2015: 84) explain the ja-stem as originating in a former collective plural. Ultimately from the Indo-European apple word *h₂ébōl/*h₂ébl̥, cognate with Old Irish ubull and Lithuanian obuolỹs (Wodtko et al. 2008: 262–66) (for a full treatment on the Celtic cognates, see Stifter (2019: 176)).

Declension

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.apalijąapalijō
Acc.apalijąapalijō
Gen.apalijas, apalīsapalijǫ̂
Dat.apalijaiapalijamaz
Inst.apalijōapalijamiz
Voc.apalijąapalijō

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Descendants

  • epli (Old Norse)
    • epl, epli (Faroese)
    • epli (Icelandic)
    • eple (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • epli (Old Norse)
    • æplæ (Old Danish)
      • æble (Danish)
        • eple (Norwegian Bokmål)
  • epli (Old Norse)
    • æple (Old Swedish)
      • äpple (Swedish)

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