*aplaz
Runic: ᚨᛈᛚᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑp.lɑz/noun · masculine · a-stem
Meanings
apple, fruit
Etymology
From the Indo-European ‘apple’ word, usually reconstructed as the amphikinetic l-stem *h₂ébōl ~ *h₂blés; *h₂ébl̥ is an alternative reconstruction. Germanic remodeled the inherited consonant stem, yielding *apla- beside *apal- and competing u-stem forms represented by *apluz; the exact Proto-Germanic inflection is uncertain. Cognate with Old Irish ubull, Welsh afal, Old Prussian woble, Lithuanian obuolỹs, and Russian яблоко (jábloko). The suffix ablaut appears archaic, but the word's restricted European distribution has also led to its analysis as an ancient Wanderwort or a word diffused after the breakup of Proto-Indo-European (Kloekhorst & Lubotsky 2026: 136; Kroonen 2013: 31–32; Piwowarczyk 2014: 161–167; Stifter 2019: 171–218; van Sluis et al. 2023: 230; Wodtko et al. 2008: 262–66).
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | aplaz | aplōz, aplōs |
| Acc. | aplą | aplanz |
| Gen. | aplas, aplis | aplǫ̂ |
| Dat. | aplai | aplamaz |
| Inst. | aplō | aplamiz |
| Voc. | apl | aplōz, aplōs |
Descendants
-
*apl (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*appel, ephela, apheles (Old Dutch)
-
appel, āpel (Middle Dutch)
- appel (Dutch)
- Ape̩l, appel (Limburgish)
-
appel, āpel (Middle Dutch)
-
*appel, ephela, apheles (Old Dutch)
-
*apl (Proto-West Germanic)
-
æppel, apl, appel, æppyl (Old English)
-
appel, apple, appyl, appyll, appil, appill, appell, eppel, appul, appull, appulle, eappel, æppel, æpple (Middle English)
- apple (English)
- aipple (Scots)
-
appel, apple, appyl, appyll, appil, appill, appell, eppel, appul, appull, appulle, eappel, æppel, æpple (Middle English)
-
æppel, apl, appel, æppyl (Old English)
-
*apl (Proto-West Germanic)
-
appel (Old Frisian)
- Apel, Appel (Saterland Frisian)
- apel, appel (West Frisian)
-
appel (Old Frisian)
-
*apl (Proto-West Germanic)
-
apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul (Old High German)
-
apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel (Middle High German)
- Öpfel, Apfel (Alemannic German)
- Åpfe (Bavarian)
- Apfel (German)
- עפּל (epl) (Yiddish)
-
apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel (Middle High German)
-
apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul (Old High German)
-
*apl (Proto-West Germanic)
-
apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul (Old High German)
-
apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel (Middle High German)
-
Appel (Central Franconian)
- Eppel (Hunsrik)
- Apel (Luxembourgish)
-
Appel (Central Franconian)
-
apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel (Middle High German)
-
apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul (Old High German)
-
*apl (Proto-West Germanic)
-
appel, appul, apl (Old Saxon)
-
appel (Middle Low German)
- Appel (Low German)
- Aupel (Plautdietsch)
-
appel (Middle Low German)
-
appel, appul, apl (Old Saxon)
- apel (Crimean Gothic)