*apluz

Runic: ᚨᛈᛚᚢᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑp.luz/

noun · masculine · u-stem

Meanings

alternative u-stem form of *aplaz (‘apple, fruit’)

Etymology

A secondary u-stem variant of *aplaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl; see *aplaz for the full Indo-European etymology. The Germanic u-stem probably arose through reanalysis of the inherited consonant-stem accusative singular, *h₂ebolm̥ > pre-Germanic *ablm̥ > *aplum, whose final *-um was interpreted as a u-stem formation; the u-stem was then extended analogically through the paradigm (Stifter 2019: 197; Wodtko et al. 2008: 262–66).

Declension

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.apluzapliwiz
Acc.aplųaplunz
Gen.aplauzapliwǫ̂
Dat.apliwiaplumaz
Inst.aplūaplumiz
Voc.apluapliwiz

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Descendants

  • *applu, *apl (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *appel, ephela, apheles (Old Dutch)
      • appel, āpel (Middle Dutch)
        • appel (Dutch)
        • Ape̩l, appel (Limburgish)
  • *applu, *apl (Proto-West Germanic)
    • æppel, apl, appel, æppyl (Old English)
      • appel, apple, appyl, appyll, appil, appill, appell, eppel, appul, appull, appulle, eappel, æppel, æpple (Middle English)
        • apple (English)
        • aipple (Scots)
  • *applu, *apl (Proto-West Germanic)
    • appel (Old Frisian)
    • Apel, Appel (Saterland Frisian)
    • apel, appel (West Frisian)
  • *applu, *apl (Proto-West Germanic)
    • apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul (Old High German)
      • apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel (Middle High German)
        • Öpfel, Apfel (Alemannic German)
        • Åpfe (Bavarian)
        • Apfel (German)
        • עפּל (epl) (Yiddish)
  • *applu, *apl (Proto-West Germanic)
    • appel, appul, apl (Old Saxon)
      • appel (Middle Low German)
        • Appel (Low German)
        • Aupel (Plautdietsch)

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