*arbaidiją

Runic: ᚨᚱᛒᚨᛁᛞᛁᛃᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑr.βɑi̯.ði.jɑ̃/

noun · neuter · ja-stem

Meanings

  1. toil, labor, work
  2. hardship, trouble

Etymology

A neuter ja-stem derivative of *arbaidiz + *-(i)ją, here forming an abstract noun with essentially the same meaning as its base. The suffix continues Proto-Indo-European *-yó-m, the neuter of the widespread relational/adjectival suffix *-yó-s; the allomorph *-iją is expected after the heavy syllable by Sievers’ Law (Lloyd & Springer 1988: sv.v. arbeiti, arbeit; Orel 2003: s.v. arƀaiđjan). For the deeper etymology, see *arbaidiz.

Declension

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.arbaidijąarbaidijō
Acc.arbaidijąarbaidijō
Gen.arbaidijas, arbaidīsarbaidijǫ̂
Dat.arbaidijaiarbaidijamaz
Inst.arbaidijōarbaidijamiz
Voc.arbaidijąarbaidijō

Find a form

Descendants

  • earfoþ (Old English)
  • arbeiti, arvit, arbeit (Old Dutch)
    • arbeit (Middle Dutch)
  • arbeiti (Old High German)
    • arbeit, arebeit, erbeit, erebeit (Middle High German)
      • Arbeit (German)
  • arbēdi, arvedi (Old Saxon)
    • arbêt, arbeit (Middle Low German)
      • arbeid (Norwegian Nynorsk)
      • arbete (Swedish)
  • erfiði, erfaði (Old Norse)
    • erfiði (Icelandic)
    • æruæthæ (Old Danish)
  • erfiði, erfaði (Old Norse)
    • arvoþe, ærviþi (Old Swedish)
      • arvode (Swedish)

Explore/search these descendants

View on Wiktionary

Words mentioned in this entry