*auknaną
Runic: ᚨᚢᚲᚾᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑu̯k.nɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 4
Meanings
to grow, become larger
Etymology
A secondary Proto-Germanic deverbal fientive from the stem *auk- of *aukaną + *-naną, the Weak class 4 suffix forming chiefly intransitive fientive or inchoative verbs. No corresponding PIE nasal present is reconstructible for this root; *aukaną continues the simple thematic present *h₂éwg-e/o-, while the Germanic *-naną formation had become productive with existing verbal bases (Fulk 2018: 313–15; Ringe 2017: 201–203). The suffix is usually connected with PIE nasal presents, ultimately *-néh₂- ~ *-n̥h₂-. The base derives from PIE *h₂ewg-; compare Old Armenian աճեմ (ačem) and Lithuanian áugti, while Latin augeō is an essive derivative of the same root (Kroonen 2013: 42; Kümmel 2011-2026: 40).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | auknō | auknaų | – |
| 2nd singular | auknōsi | auknais | auknō |
| 3rd singular | auknōþi | auknai | auknōþau |
| 1st dual | auknōs | auknaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | auknaþiz | auknaiþiz | auknaþiz |
| 1st plural | auknamaz | auknaim | – |
| 2nd plural | auknaþ | auknaiþ | auknaþ |
| 3rd plural | auknanþi | auknain | auknanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | – | – |
| 3rd singular | – | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | – | – |
| 2nd plural | – | – |
| 3rd plural | – | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | auknōdǭ | auknōdēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | auknōdēz | auknōdēdīz |
| 3rd singular | auknōdē | auknōdēdī |
| 1st dual | auknōdēdū | auknōdēdīw |
| 2nd dual | auknōdēdudiz | auknōdēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | auknōdēdum | auknōdēdīm |
| 2nd plural | auknōdēdud | auknōdēdīd |
| 3rd plural | auknōdēdun | auknōdēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| auknaną | auknandz | - |
Descendants
-
*auknōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- ēacnian (Old English)
- 𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌽 (auknan) (Gothic)