*auraz

Uncertain. Possibly from pre-Germanic *ouh₁-ro-, a secondary o-grade formation related to the Proto-Indo-European nominal r-stem *weh₁-r- ~ *uh₁-r-; compare Vedic Sanskrit वार् (vā́r) and Old Prussian wurs (Kroonen 2013: 42; Wodtko et al. 2008: 715). The o-grade required for *ouh₁-ro- is morphologically unexpected (Kroonen 2013: 42). The Vedic comparison is not decisive, since वार् (vā́r) may instead continue earlier *wéd-r within the heteroclitic *wéd-r ~ *ud-én- paradigm (Kloekhorst 2013: 107–108). Lithuanian jáura and jū́ra may also belong here (Jakob 2024: 86–87); Petit (2010a: 9) derives jū́ra from *ūr- < PIE *h₁uH-r-, with secondary initial j- after the full-grade, jáura < *h₁ewH-r-. If the unspecified laryngeal *H was *h₁, Kroonen’s pre-Germanic *ouh₁-ro- could formally represent the corresponding o-grade *h₁owh₁r-. Alternatively, *auraz may be related to Germanic *ūrą and Old Irish úr, úir (Kroonen 2013: 42), though this Celto-Germanic comparison is not secure (van Sluis et al. 2023: 223).