*austraz

Runic: ᚨᚢᛊᛏᚱᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑu̯s.trɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

east, eastern

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *au̯s-tro-, continuing a formation from the Proto-Indo-European word for ‘dawn’*h₂éws-ōs ~ *h₂us(-s)-és, ultimately from *h₂ews-, with *-tr-o-, the zero-grade of the contrastive/relational suffix *-ter-e/o-. EWA reconstructs Proto-Germanic *aust(e/a)ra- (Lühr 2017: s.v. ôstar). Compare Younger Avestan 𐬎𐬱𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬀 (ušastara-) and Latin auster, noun-derived *-tero- formations with an inherited possessive/oppositional function (Le Feuvre 2026). Alternatively, Gąsiorowski (2012: 121–24) derives *austra- from *h₂áu̯(s)s-r-o- > pre-Germanic *áu̯s-ro-, with *sr > *str; this would make *austa- a later back-formation, contrary to EWA's independent derivation of *austa- from *h₂ews(-s)-to- (Lühr 2017: s.v. ôst).

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	austraz	austrō	austrą, -atō	austrai	austrôz	austrō
Acc.	austranǭ	austrǭ	austrą, -atō	austranz	austrōz	austrō
Gen.	austras, -is	austraizōz	austras, -is	austraizǫ̂	austraizǫ̂	austraizǫ̂
Dat.	austrammai	austraizōi	austrammai	austraimaz	austraimaz	austraimaz
Inst.	austranō	austraizō	austranō	austraimiz	austraimiz	austraimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	austrô	austrǭ	austrô	austraniz	austrōniz	austrōnō
Acc.	austranų	austrōnų	austrô	austranunz	austrōnunz	austrōnō
Gen.	austriniz	austrōniz	austriniz	austranǫ̂	austrōnǫ̂	austranǫ̂
Dat.	austrini	austrōni	austrini	austrammaz	austrōmaz	austrammaz
Inst.	austrinē	austrōnē	austrinē	austrammiz	austrōmiz	austrammiz

Find a form

Descendants

*austr (Proto-West Germanic)
- ēast (Old English)
  - est (Middle English)
    - east (English)
*austr (Proto-West Germanic)
- ēast (Old English)
  - est (Old French)
    - est (French)
*austr (Proto-West Germanic)
- ōstar (Old High German)
  - ōster (Middle High German)
ᛅᚢᛋᛏᚱ (austr) (Old Norse)
- eystur (Faroese)
- austur (Icelandic)
ᛅᚢᛋᛏᚱ (austr) (Old Norse)
- aust, auster, aust’u, aust’e (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  - aust (Norwegian Bokmål)
ᛅᚢᛋᛏᚱ (austr) (Old Norse)
- øst (Old Danish)
  - øster, øst (Danish)
    - øst (Norwegian Bokmål)
      - øst (Norwegian Nynorsk)
ᛅᚢᛋᛏᚱ (austr) (Old Norse)
- ø̄ster (Old Swedish)
  - öster (Swedish)

Explore/search these descendants

View on Wiktionary