*auþijaz

Runic: ᚨᚢᚦᛁᛃᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑu̯.θi.jɑz/

adjective · ja-stem

Meanings

empty, void, deserted, desolate; barren, waste

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew-tyo-s, a relational adjective in *-tyo- formed from the local adverb *h₂ew, specifically its sense ‘away, off’; the semantic development was ‘away, removed’ → ‘deserted, empty’. The formation was earlier reconstructed as *au-ti-o-, from an adverbial au-ti, by Mezger (1946: 229); compare the inherited PIE type of relational adjectives in *-ti̯o- derived from local adverbs (Fellner 2014: 52–53; Heidermanns 1993: 111). Dunkel (2014: 96–105) instead separates a root *aw without a laryngeal from *h₂u, so *aw-tyo-s is an alternative analysis of the preform. Cognate with Ancient Greek αὔσιος (aúsios). The comparison with Greek and its derivation from PIE *au- goes back at least to Schulze (1907: 414 n. 1). Latin ōtium may likewise continue Proto-Italic *autiom, but this etymology remains disputed (de Vaan 2008: s.v. ōtium, 437; Zavaroni 2024: 307–326).

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	auþijaz	auþijō	auþiją, -atō	auþijai	auþijôz	auþijō
Acc.	auþijanǭ	auþijǭ	auþiją, -atō	auþijanz	auþijōz	auþijō
Gen.	auþijas, -īs	auþijaizōz	auþijas, -īs	auþijaizǫ̂	auþijaizǫ̂	auþijaizǫ̂
Dat.	auþijammai	auþijaizōi	auþijammai	auþijaimaz	auþijaimaz	auþijaimaz
Inst.	auþijanō	auþijaizō	auþijanō	auþijaimiz	auþijaimiz	auþijaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	auþijô	auþijǭ	auþijô	auþijaniz	auþijōniz	auþijōnō
Acc.	auþijanų	auþijōnų	auþijô	auþijanunz	auþijōnunz	auþijōnō
Gen.	auþīniz	auþijōniz	auþīniz	auþijanǫ̂	auþijōnǫ̂	auþijanǫ̂
Dat.	auþīni	auþijōni	auþīni	auþijammaz	auþijōmaz	auþijammaz
Inst.	auþīnē	auþijōnē	auþīnē	auþijammiz	auþijōmiz	auþijammiz

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Descendants

*auþī (Proto-West Germanic)
- īeþe (Old English)
*auþī (Proto-West Germanic)
- ōdi (Old High German)
  - œde (Middle High German)
    - öde (German)
*auþī (Proto-West Germanic)
- *ōthi (Old Saxon)
  - ȫde (Middle Low German)
    - öde, ööd (Low German)
auðr (Old Norse)
- eyður (Faroese)
- auður (Icelandic)
- aud (Norwegian Nynorsk)
auðr (Old Norse)
- øthæ (Old Danish)
  - øde (Danish)
    - øde (Norwegian Bokmål)
auðr (Old Norse)
- *eyðkn (Old East Norse)
  - øthkn, øthken (Old Danish)
    - ørken (Danish)
      - ørken (Norwegian Bokmål)
        
        ørken (Norwegian Nynorsk)
auðr (Old Norse)
- *eyðkn (Old East Norse)
  - øþkn, økn (Old Swedish)
    - öken (Swedish)
auðr (Old Norse)
- ø̄þe (Old Swedish)
  - öde (Swedish)
𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (auþeis) (Gothic)
*autijo (Proto-Finnic)

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