*bakaną

Runic: ᛒᚨᚲᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 6

Meanings

to bake; to roast, fry

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *bʰh₃g-é-, a zero-grade thematic formation of Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₃g-(Fulk 2018: 258; Kroonen 2013: 49; Ringe 2017: 213). Cognate with Ancient Greek φώγω (phṓgō), reflecting full-grade PIE *bʰéh₃g-e- (Beekes 2010: 1600; Kroonen 2013: 49; Rix et al. 2001: 70). Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *bagati, traditionally explained from an earlier sense ‘burn, roast’ > ‘desire hotly’, though the Slavic comparison is less secure (Rix et al. 2001: 70; Trubačev 1974: 123–124). The variant *bakkan- is secondary, probably influenced by iterative *bakkōną < *bʰh₃g-néh₂- (Kroonen 2013: 49; Seebold 1970: 87–88).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	bakō	bakaų	–
2nd singular	bakizi	bakaiz	bak
3rd singular	bakidi	bakai	bakadau
1st dual	bakōz	bakaiw	–
2nd dual	bakadiz	bakaidiz	bakadiz
1st plural	bakamaz	bakaim	–
2nd plural	bakid	bakaid	bakid
3rd plural	bakandi	bakain	bakandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	bakai	–
2nd singular	bakazai	bakaizau
3rd singular	bakadai	bakaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	bakandai	bakaindau
2nd plural	bakandai	bakaindau
3rd plural	bakandai	bakaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	bōk	bōkį̄
2nd singular	bōht	bōkīz
3rd singular	bōk	bōkī
1st dual	bōkū	bōkīw
2nd dual	bōkudiz	bōkīdiz
1st plural	bōkum	bōkīm
2nd plural	bōkud	bōkīd
3rd plural	bōkun	bōkīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
bakaną	bakandz	bakanaz

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Descendants

*bakan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *bakan, *bakkan (Old Dutch)
  - baken, backen (Middle Dutch)
    - bakken (Dutch)
*bakan (Proto-West Germanic)
- bacan (Old English)
  - baken, bakyn, bake, bakenn (Middle English)
    - bake (English)
    - bake (Scots)
*bakan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *baka, *bakka (Old Frisian)
  - boake (Saterland Frisian)
  - bakke (West Frisian)
*bakan (Proto-West Germanic)
- bahhan, backan (Old High German)
  - bachen, backen (Middle High German)
    - båchn (Bavarian)
    - backen, bachen (German)
    - baken (Luxembourgish)
    - באַקן (bakn) (Yiddish)
*bakan (Proto-West Germanic)
- bakkan (Old Saxon)
  - backen (Middle Low German)
    - baken (Plautdietsch)
baka (Old Norse)
- baka (Faroese)
- baka (Icelandic)
- baka (Norwegian Nynorsk)
baka (Old Norse)
- bage (Danish)
  - bake (Norwegian Bokmål)
baka (Old Norse)
- baka (Old Swedish)
  - baka (Swedish)

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