*balþaz
Runic: ᛒᚨᛚᚦᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈbɑl.θɑz/adjective · a-stem
Meanings
strong, bold
Etymology
From pre-Germanic *bʰól-t-ó-s (‘inflated, strong’), from an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (in either the, ‘blow, swell, inflate; sense or the ‘shiny, white’ sense, with the former being semantically more attractive’) + *-tos(creates verbal adjectives from roots), the suffix equivalent to Proto-Germanic *-þaz (derives adjectives from roots).
Declension
Strong declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | balþaz | balþō | balþą, -atō | balþai | balþôz | balþō |
| Acc. | balþanǭ | balþǭ | balþą, -atō | balþanz | balþōz | balþō |
| Gen. | balþas, -is | balþaizōz | balþas, -is | balþaizǫ̂ | balþaizǫ̂ | balþaizǫ̂ |
| Dat. | balþammai | balþaizōi | balþammai | balþaimaz | balþaimaz | balþaimaz |
| Inst. | balþanō | balþaizō | balþanō | balþaimiz | balþaimiz | balþaimiz |
Weak declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | balþô | balþǭ | balþô | balþaniz | balþōniz | balþōnō |
| Acc. | balþanų | balþōnų | balþô | balþanunz | balþōnunz | balþōnō |
| Gen. | balþiniz | balþōniz | balþiniz | balþanǫ̂ | balþōnǫ̂ | balþanǫ̂ |
| Dat. | balþini | balþōni | balþini | balþammaz | balþōmaz | balþammaz |
| Inst. | balþinē | balþōnē | balþinē | balþammiz | balþōmiz | balþammiz |
Descendants
-
*balþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*balt (Old Dutch)
-
bout (Middle Dutch)
-
boud (Dutch)
- boud (Afrikaans)
-
boud (Dutch)
-
bout (Middle Dutch)
-
*balt (Old Dutch)
-
*balþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
beald, bald (Old English)
-
bolde, bold, boold, bald, beald (Middle English)
- bold, bawd (English)
- bald, bauld, baul, bawl, beld (Scots)
-
bolde, bold, boold, bald, beald (Middle English)
-
beald, bald (Old English)
-
*balþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bald (Old Frisian)
-
balde (Old Frisian)
- boalde (Saterland Frisian)
-
balde (Old Frisian)
-
bald (Old Frisian)
-
*balþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bald, pald (Old High German)
-
balt (Middle High German)
- bald (Bavarian)
- bald (German)
-
balt (Middle High German)
-
bald, pald (Old High German)
-
*balþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bald, pald (Old High German)
-
baldo (Old High German)
-
balde, palde (Middle High German)
- båld, boid (Bavarian)
- bald (German)
-
balde, palde (Middle High German)
-
baldo (Old High German)
-
bald, pald (Old High German)
-
*balþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bald (Old Saxon)
-
bald, bold, balt, bolt (Middle Low German)
- bold, boll (Low German)
-
bald, bold, balt, bolt (Middle Low German)
-
bald (Old Saxon)
-
ballr, baldr (Old Norse)
- baldur (Faroese)
- ballur, baldur (Icelandic)
- bold (Old Danish)
-
ballr, baldr (Old Norse)
-
balder (Old Swedish)
- båld (Swedish)
-
balder (Old Swedish)
-
*𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐍃 (*balþs) (Gothic)
- 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌱𐌰 (balþaba) (Gothic)