*brōaną
Runic: ᛒᚱᛟᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbrɔː.ɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 7e
Meanings
to singe, warm, brew
Etymology
An o-grade intensive, pre-Germanic *bʰroh₁-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁- (‘to burn, brew’), with no certain cognates outside of Proto-Germanic. Though the original verb was likely strong, the descendants clearly show a reformulation as a weak verb, with reflexes of the -j- in some endings, as well as i-mutation in the German root. The Proto-West Germanic reflex must have been *brōan > *brōjan. Note the strong semantic and phonetic resemblance to Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (‘to boil, brew’; whence Proto-Germanic *brewwaną (‘to brew’)). Also related to *brēdaną (‘to warm, heat, broil; roast (meat)’), and *brējaną (‘to roast, smell’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | brōō | brōaų | – |
| 2nd singular | brōizi | brōaiz | brō |
| 3rd singular | brōidi | brōai | brōadau |
| 1st dual | brōōz | brōaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | brōadiz | brōaidiz | brōadiz |
| 1st plural | brōamaz | brōaim | – |
| 2nd plural | brōid | brōaid | brōid |
| 3rd plural | brōandi | brōain | brōandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | brōai | – |
| 2nd singular | brōazai | brōaizau |
| 3rd singular | brōadai | brōaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | brōandai | brōaindau |
| 2nd plural | brōandai | brōaindau |
| 3rd plural | brōandai | brōaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | bebrō | bebrōį̄ |
| 2nd singular | bebrōt | bebrōīz |
| 3rd singular | bebrō | bebrōī |
| 1st dual | bebrōū | bebrōīw |
| 2nd dual | bebrōudiz | bebrōīdiz |
| 1st plural | bebrōum | bebrōīm |
| 2nd plural | bebrōud | bebrōīd |
| 3rd plural | bebrōun | bebrōīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| brōaną | brōandz | brōanaz |
Descendants
-
*brōan, *brōjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*bruoien (Old Dutch)
-
broeyen (Middle Dutch)
-
broeien (Dutch)
- broei (Afrikaans)
-
broeien (Dutch)
-
broeyen (Middle Dutch)
-
*bruoien (Old Dutch)
-
*brōan, *brōjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*brōia (Old Frisian)
- broie (Saterland Frisian)
- broeie (West Frisian)
-
*brōia (Old Frisian)
-
*brōan, *brōjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bruoen, firbruoen (Old High German)
-
brüejen, brüen (Middle High German)
- brühen (German)
- bréien (Luxembourgish)
- בריִען (brien) (Yiddish)
-
brüejen, brüen (Middle High German)
-
bruoen, firbruoen (Old High German)
-
*brōan, *brōjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*brōian (Old Saxon)
-
broien, brogen, brugen (Middle Low German)
- breihen, breuhen (Low German)
-
broien, brogen, brugen (Middle Low German)
-
*brōian (Old Saxon)