*būaną

Runic: ᛒᚢᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbuː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

verb

Meanings

to dwell, reside

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰúH-e/o-, the root aorist subjunctive of *bʰuH- (‘to be, become, grow, appear’) (Vijūnas 2022). Variant reconstructions are *bōaną and *bōw(w)aną. Likely originally a strong verb that shifted to the weak paradigm (it was still a strong verb in Old Norse with traces of strong patterns in several daughter languages; it seems unlikely that all of these languages would independently reformulate the verb partially or fully to a strong paradigm from a week one). Cognates are Latvian bût (‘to be, exist’), Sanskrit अभूत् (ábhūt, aorist of) (ábhūt, aorist of, ‘to be, become’), and Latin fuī (1st person singular perfect active indicative of sum, ‘to be, exist’). Related to *beuną (‘to be, become’).

Conjugation

Present active

PersonIndicativeSubjunctiveImperative
1st singularbūōbūaų–
2nd singularbūizibūaizbū
3rd singularbūidibūaibūadau
1st dualbūōzbūaiw–
2nd dualbūadizbūaidizbūadiz
1st pluralbūamazbūaim–
2nd pluralbūidbūaidbūid
3rd pluralbūandibūainbūandau

Present passive

PersonIndicativeSubjunctive
1st singularbūai–
2nd singularbūazaibūaizau
3rd singularbūadaibūaidau
1st dual––
2nd dual––
1st pluralbūandaibūaindau
2nd pluralbūandaibūaindau
3rd pluralbūandaibūaindau

Past

PersonIndicativeSubjunctive
1st singularbebō / būdǭbebōį̄ / būdēdį̄
2nd singularbebōt / būdēzbebōīz / būdēdīz
3rd singularbebō / būdēbebōį̄ / būdēdī
1st dualbebōū / būdēdūbebōīw / būdēdīw
2nd dualbebōudiz / būdēdudizbebōīdiz / būdēdīdiz
1st pluralbebōum / būdēdumbebōīm / būdēdīm
2nd pluralbebōud / būdēdudbebōīd / būdēdīd
3rd pluralbebōun / būdēdunbebōīn / būdēdīn

Non-finite Forms

InfinitivePresent ParticiplePast Participle
būaną būandz būdaz / būanaz

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Descendants

  • *būan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *būan, buuuan, buwan (Old Dutch)
      • bouwen (Middle Dutch)
        • boewe (Limburgish)
  • *būan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *būan, buuuan, buwan (Old Dutch)
      • bouwen (Middle Dutch)
        • bouwen (Dutch)
          • bou (Afrikaans)
  • *būan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • būan, būwan (Old English)
      • ġebūan (Old English)
        • ȝebuen, ibuen, iboen (Middle English)
  • *būan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • būan, būwan, pūan (Old High German)
      • būwen, biuwen, bouwen (Middle High German)
        • buue, puue (Alemannic German)
        • bauen (Luxembourgish)
        • בויען (boyen) (Yiddish)
  • *būan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • būan, būwan, pūan (Old High German)
      • būwen, biuwen, bouwen (Middle High German)
        • bauen (German)
          • baue (Saterland Frisian)
  • *būan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • būan, būwan (Old Saxon)
      • bûwen (Middle Low German)
        • boen (Low German)
  • búa (Old Norse)
    • búgva (Faroese)
    • búa (Icelandic)
    • buen (Middle English)
  • búa (Old Norse)
    • bo (Danish)
      • bo (Norwegian Bokmål)
  • búa (Old Norse)
    • bu, bua (Norwegian Nynorsk)
      • bu (Norwegian Bokmål)
  • búa (Old Norse)
    • búinn (Old Norse)
      • búinn (Icelandic)
      • buen (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • búa (Old Norse)
    • búinn (Old Norse)
      • bun, bune, boun (Middle English)
        • boun (English)
        • boun (Scots)
  • búa (Old Norse)
    • bōa, bō (Old Swedish)
      • bo (Swedish)
  • 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (bauan) (Gothic)

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