*beuną
Runic: ᛒᛖᚢᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbeu̯.nɑ̃/verb
Meanings
- to be
- to become
Etymology
Suppletive. The present tense forms are from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-yé/ó-, zero-grade yé-present of *bʰuH- (‘to be, become, grow, appear’). Cognate with Sanskrit भवति (bhávati) (bhávati, ‘to become, be’), Proto-Slavic *baviti (‘to linger, engage in, accumulate’), Irish bí (‘to be’), Ancient Greek φύω (phúō) (phúō, ‘to bring forth, beget, grow’), Latin fīō (‘to become, happen’). Related to *būaną (‘to dwell, reside’).
For the past tense forms, see *wesaną (‘to be, remain, exist’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – | – |
| 2nd singular | – | – | – |
| 3rd singular | – | – | – |
| 1st dual | – | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – | – |
| 1st plural | – | – | – |
| 2nd plural | – | – | – |
| 3rd plural | – | – | – |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | – | – |
| 3rd singular | – | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | – | – |
| 2nd plural | – | – |
| 3rd plural | – | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | – | – |
| 3rd singular | – | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | – | – |
| 2nd plural | – | – |
| 3rd plural | – | – |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| beuną | wesandz | - |
Descendants
-
bēon, bīon (Old English)
-
been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen (Middle English)
- be, been (English)
- be (Scots)
-
been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen (Middle English)