*būganą
Runic: ᛒᚢᚷᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbuː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 2
Meanings
alternative form of *beuganą (‘to bend, bow’)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰugʰ-é/ó-, a zero-grade thematic/aorist-present formation from root *bʰewgʰ- (to bend; curve, arch’). The long -ū- was probably generalized from the Strong class 2 verb system beside full-grade *beuganą. Cognate with Sanskrit भुजति (bhujáti) (bhujáti, ‘to bend, curve’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | būgō | būgaų | – |
| 2nd singular | būgizi | būgaiz | būg |
| 3rd singular | būgidi | būgai | būgadau |
| 1st dual | būgōz | būgaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | būgadiz | būgaidiz | būgadiz |
| 1st plural | būgamaz | būgaim | – |
| 2nd plural | būgid | būgaid | būgid |
| 3rd plural | būgandi | būgain | būgandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | būgai | – |
| 2nd singular | būgazai | būgaizau |
| 3rd singular | būgadai | būgaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | būgandai | būgaindau |
| 2nd plural | būgandai | būgaindau |
| 3rd plural | būgandai | būgaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | baug | bugį̄ |
| 2nd singular | bauht | bugīz |
| 3rd singular | baug | bugī |
| 1st dual | bugū | bugīw |
| 2nd dual | bugudiz | bugīdiz |
| 1st plural | bugum | bugīm |
| 2nd plural | bugud | bugīd |
| 3rd plural | bugun | bugīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| būganą | būgandz | buganaz |
Descendants
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*būgan (Proto-West Germanic)
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*būgan (Old Dutch)
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bugen (Middle Dutch)
- buigen (Dutch)
- buge (Limburgish)
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bugen (Middle Dutch)
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*būgan (Old Dutch)
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*būgan (Proto-West Germanic)
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būgan (Old English)
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bowen, bouwe, bowe, buȝen, buȝhenn, buhen, buwen, bouȝe, boughe, bow, bowghe, bouwien (Middle English)
- bow (English)
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bowen, bouwe, bowe, buȝen, buȝhenn, buhen, buwen, bouȝe, boughe, bow, bowghe, bouwien (Middle English)
-
būgan (Old English)
-
*būgan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
būgan (Old English)
-
bowen, bouwe, bowe, buȝen, buȝhenn, buhen, buwen, bouȝe, boughe, bow, bowghe, bouwien (Middle English)
-
bow (Middle Scots)
- bou, bow, boo (Scots)
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bow (Middle Scots)
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bowen, bouwe, bowe, buȝen, buȝhenn, buhen, buwen, bouȝe, boughe, bow, bowghe, bouwien (Middle English)
-
būgan (Old English)
-
*būgan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
būgan (Old Saxon)
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būgen (Middle Low German)
- bugen (Low German)
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būgen (Middle Low German)
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būgan (Old Saxon)
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búga (Old Norse)
- bue (Danish)
- bue (Norwegian)
- buga (Swedish)