*drugiz

Runic: ᛞᚱᚢᚷᛁᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈdru.ɣiz/

adjective · i-stem

Meanings

hard, solid
dry

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰréuǵʰ-i-s ~ *dʰruǵʰ-éy-s, from the zero-grade form of root *dʰreugʰ- (‘to shake, shiver, tremble’). The meaning ‘dry’ is probably a West Proto-Germanic semantic innovation from ‘shake off moisture, become dry’. Usually reconstructed with a long -ū-, however (Vijūnas 2015) makes a convincing argument against this. A cognate is Proto-Slavic drъžati (‘to tremble, shiver’). Related to *draugijaną (‘to dry, make dry’) and *drugōną (‘to dry, to become dry’).

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	drugiz	drugī	drugį, -jatō	drugijai	drugijôz	drugijō
Acc.	drugijanǭ	drugijǭ	drugį, -jatō	drugijanz	drugijōz	drugijō
Gen.	drugijas, drugīs	drugijaizōz	drugijas, drugīs	drugijaizǫ̂	drugijaizǫ̂	drugijaizǫ̂
Dat.	drugijammai	drugijaizōi	drugijammai	drugijaimaz	drugijaimaz	drugijaimaz
Inst.	drugijanō	drugijaizō	drugijanō	drugijaimiz	drugijaimiz	drugijaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	drugijô	drugijǭ	drugijô	drugijaniz	drugijōniz	drugijōnō
Acc.	drugijanų	drugijōnų	drugijô	drugijanunz	drugijōnunz	drugijōnō
Gen.	drugīniz	drugijōniz	drugīniz	drugijanǫ̂	drugijōnǫ̂	drugijanǫ̂
Dat.	drugīni	drugijōni	drugīni	drugijammaz	drugijōmaz	drugijammaz
Inst.	drugīnē	drugijōnē	drugīnē	drugijammiz	drugijōmiz	drugijammiz

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Descendants

*drugī (Proto-West Germanic)
- drugi (Old Dutch)
  - druge, druuch (Middle Dutch)
    - droog (Dutch)
      - droog (Afrikaans)
*drugī (Proto-West Germanic)
- dryġe, driġe (Old English)
  - drye, drie, dri, drige, dryge, drüȝe (Middle English)
    - dry (English)
    - dry, drey (Scots)
*drugī (Proto-West Germanic)
- druuch (Saterland Frisian)
*drugī (Proto-West Germanic)
- *drugi (Old High German)
  - trǖge, drǖge (Middle High German)
    - treuge (German)
*drugī (Proto-West Germanic)
- *drugi (Old High German)
  - trǖge (Middle High German)
    - drüch, dreich, drei (Central Franconian)
      - dréchen (Luxembourgish)

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