*durzaną
Runic: ᛞᚢᚱᛉᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈdur.zɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Preterite-present
Meanings
to dare
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórs-e ~ *dʰedʰr̥s-ḗr (‘to dare’), a reduplicated stative of the root *dʰers- (‘to be bold, dare’), itself an *-s-extension of *dʰer- (‘to support, hold’). Cognates are Proto-Slavic *dьrznǫti (‘dare’), Sanskrit धृष्णोति (dhṛṣṇóti) (dhṛṣṇóti, ‘to be bold or courageous or confident or proud; to dare or venture’), Lithuanian drį̇̃sti (‘to dare, have the courage’), Ancient Greek θάρσος (thársos.) (thársos., ‘courage; confidence; audacity’), and Albanian nder (‘honor, favor’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | dars | durzį̄ | – |
| 2nd singular | darst | durzīz | – |
| 3rd singular | dars | durzī | – |
| 1st dual | durzū | durzīw | – |
| 2nd dual | durzudiz | durzīdiz | – |
| 1st plural | durzum | durzīm | – |
| 2nd plural | durzud | durzīd | – |
| 3rd plural | durzun | durzīn | – |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | – | – |
| 3rd singular | – | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | – | – |
| 2nd plural | – | – |
| 3rd plural | – | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | durstǭ | durstēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | durstēz | durstēdīz |
| 3rd singular | durstē | durstēdī |
| 1st dual | durstēdū | durstēdīw |
| 2nd dual | durstēdudiz | durstēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | durstēdum | durstēdīm |
| 2nd plural | durstēdud | durstēdīd |
| 3rd plural | durstēdun | durstēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| durzaną | durzandz | durstaz |
Descendants
-
*durʀan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*durran (Old Dutch)
-
dorren, durren (Middle Dutch)
- derre, dórre (Limburgish)
-
dorren, durren (Middle Dutch)
-
*durran (Old Dutch)
-
*durʀan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*durran (Old Dutch)
-
dorren, durren (Middle Dutch)
-
durven (Dutch)
- durf (Afrikaans)
-
durven (Dutch)
-
dorren, durren (Middle Dutch)
-
*durran (Old Dutch)
-
*durʀan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
durran (Old English)
-
durren (Middle English)
- dare (English)
- daur (Scots)
-
durren (Middle English)
-
durran (Old English)
-
*durʀan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
turran (Old High German)
-
turren (Middle High German)
- dusche (Central Franconian)
- thüren, türen (German)
- טאָרן (torn) (Yiddish)
-
turren (Middle High German)
-
turran (Old High German)
-
*durʀan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
durran (Old Saxon)
- dören (Low German)
-
durran (Old Saxon)